TABLE 2.
Semen and sex hormone analysis in investigated groups compared with standard values (mean ± SD).
| Parameters | Men with RPL wives (n = 120) | Men without RPL wives (n = 120) | Standard values mean (min–max) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semen analysis | ||||
| Semen volume (mL) | 1.4 ± 0.02 | 1.6 ± 0.05 | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 0.23NS |
| Sperm count (×106/ejaculated semen) | 30.24 ± 1.3 | 41.81 ± 2.6 | 39 (33–46) | 0.012S |
| Sperm concentration (×106/mL) | 13.9 ± 1.8 | 14.2 ± 2.1 | 15 (12–16) | 0.81NS |
| Sperm motility (%) | 33.1 ± 0.5 | 41 ± 1.9 | 40 (38–42) | 0.002S |
| Sperm velocity (μm/s) | 24.6 ± 0.4 | 29.8 ± 0.2 | 55 (20–70) | <0.001S |
| Sperm viability (%) | 49.1 ± 1.2 | 60.9 ± 2.0 | 58 (55–63) | 0.11NS |
| Sperm morphology (% of normal appearing) | 2.5 ± 0.01 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 4 (3–4) | 0.15NS |
| PH | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2–7.8 | 0.13NS |
| Sex hormones analysis | ||||
| FSH (mIU/mL) | 25.9 ± 2.1 | 12.6 ± 1.1 | 1–14 | <0.001S |
| LH (mIU/mL) | 12.2 ± 3.5 | 5.3 ± 2 | 0.7–7.4 | <0.001S |
| PRL (ng/mL) | 11.9 ± 0.87 | 8.5 ± 4.4 | 1.8–17 | 0.012S |
| Testosterone (ng/mL) | 1 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 3.4 | 2–6.9 | <0.001S |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 101.9 ± 5.3 | 46.8 ± 7.9 | 4–94 | <0.001S |
Note: RPL, recurrent pregnancy loss, Chi‐square tests. Differences were statistically significant when p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: NS, nonsignificant; S, significant.