Table 2.

Typical electrocatalysts recently developed for homogeneous CO₂ER

Types	Molecular structure	Main product	Potential	Faradic efficiency	Reference
Ir-based complexes84		HCOO−	−1.80 V vs. (Ag/AgCl)	38%	Sypaseuth et al.84
Ni-based complexes85		CO	−1.77 V vs. (SHE)	34%	Sheng et al.85
Pd-based complex86		CO	−1.60 V vs. (Ag/AgNO3)	85%	Therrien and Wolf86
Re-based complex87		CO	−2.80 V vs. (Fc/Fc+)	30-55%	Nganga et al.87
Co-based complex62		HCOO−	−2.32 V vs. (Fc/Fc+)	68%	Tsubonouchi et al.62
Mn-based complex88		CO	−2.24 V vs. (Fc/Fc+)	30-60%	Stanbury et al.88
Ru-based complex89		CO	−2.20 V vs. (Fc/Fc+)	95%	Machan et al.89
Non-metal ionic liquid complex90		C2O42−	−2.60 V vs. (Fc/Fc+)	39.3%	Rosen et al.90

The main products, potential, and Faradic efficiency for the corresponding electrocatalyst are also listed.