Table 3.

Brain health initiatives aligned with a grand capital brain strategy [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42].

Brain Initiative: Description
1.	Weill Neurohub: a collaborative effort between University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, and University of Washington to bring together neuroscientists and researchers working at the convergence of science (e.g., engineers, computer scientists, physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and industry) to speed the development of new treatments for neurological and psychiatric diseases [33].
2.	Healthy Brains Global Initiative: established with support of the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the World Bank to create a sea change in the impact of mental health and related services; and breakthroughs and evidence-based interventions to improve health and well-being utilizing an outcomes-based model to support community-based approaches to improvement of mental health, life chances, and systems-level change [34].
3.	Behavioral Insight and Neuroscience Unit: a transdisciplinary group in Latin America that provides scientific knowledge about human behavior to design better public policies and improve people's quality of life. The unit connects evidence, social protection, and health policies with a focus on vulnerable life epochs such as childhood and older age [35].
4.	Social Impact Bonds (Pay-for-Success Financing): Social impact bonds (pay-for-success financing), are a novel means to improve social outcomes in high-risk communities. Private sector funds are used to implement proven interventions and services. Such funds are repaid by the public sector only when contractual targets for desired outcomes have been reached. Efforts may be placed on breaking down barriers related to social determinants of health (e.g., homelessness and lack of housing) or delivery of affordable high-quality training to optimize ‘brain skills’ [32,36].
5.	Brain Health Project: a research institute and member of the University of Texas at Dallas designed to deliver evidence-based scientific programs to better understand and address brain health and performance and empower persons about brain health. The initiative promotes longitudinal and interventional studies [37].
6.	Brain Health Living Labs: a model that is user-centric and operates in a clinical-academic setting to integrate up-to-date clinical care, research and innovation for brain health within a public-private-consumer partnership. The model allows for transdisciplinary approaches in a community setting [32,38].
7.	Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation: an organization which uses philanthropic support to accelerate the discovery of drugs to prevent, treat and cure Alzheimer's disease and related disorders and funds breakthrough research through academia and industry [39].
8.	Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics ‘Megafund’: a public-private funding approach which creates a mega fund through sales of bonds to investors and ‘portfolio’ or multiple parallel research projects are carried out to increase the likelihood of reaching a breakthrough discovery [40].
9.	Global Brain Health Institute: founded by the University of California, San Francisco and Trinity College Dublin, the institute aims to improve brain health for populations across the world, especially those in vulnerable or underserved areas, by bringing together a mix of disciplines, professions, backgrounds, skills, perspectives, and approaches to develop new science-based solutions. A goal of the institute is to train a new generation of brain health leaders [41,42].