Table 2.
Participants’ baseline characteristics according to RC tertiles
| Overall | T1 (< 0.46) | T2 (0.46–0.72) | T3 (≥ 0.72) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 60 | 71.90 | 80.86 | 69.13 | 65.81 | |
| ≥60 | 28.10 | 19.14 | 30.87 | 34.19 | |
| Sex (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 52.72 | 45.92 | 54.09 | 58.08 | |
| Female | 47.28 | 54.08 | 45.91 | 41.92 | |
| Race (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Mexican American | 22.53 | 16.77 | 22.65 | 28.12 | |
| Other Hispanic | 6.00 | 5.16 | 5.96 | 6.88 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 46.79 | 43.59 | 47.25 | 49.50 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 20.83 | 31.29 | 19.68 | 11.62 | |
| Other | 3.84 | 3.18 | 4.46 | 3.88 | |
| Marital status (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Married or with partner | 62.21 | 58.29 | 61.47 | 66.88 | |
| Single | 37.79 | 41.71 | 38.53 | 33.12 | |
| Education level (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 29.68 | 25.30 | 29.87 | 33.82 | |
| High school or GED | 23.43 | 21.69 | 23.98 | 24.61 | |
| Above high school | 46.89 | 53.01 | 46.15 | 41.56 | |
| BMI (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Normal weight | 33.87 | 48.86 | 33.27 | 19.59 | |
| Overweight | 35.32 | 29.95 | 36.48 | 39.50 | |
| Obese | 30.81 | 21.19 | 30.25 | 40.91 | |
| Vigorous activity (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 30.55 | 35.80 | 29.91 | 25.91 | |
| No | 69.45 | 64.20 | 70.09 | 74.09 | |
| Moderate activity (%) | 0.110 | ||||
| Yes | 47.30 | 48.94 | 46.87 | 46.10 | |
| No | 52.70 | 51.06 | 53.13 | 53.90 | |
| Hypertension (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 28.42 | 19.84 | 29.96 | 35.37 | |
| No | 71.58 | 80.16 | 70.04 | 64.63 | |
| Diabetes | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 7.83 | 4.37 | 7.42 | 11.72 | |
| No | 92.17 | 95.63 | 92.58 | 88.28 | |
| Smoker status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Current | 23.02 | 20.92 | 24.34 | 23.77 | |
| Former | 24.23 | 19.68 | 24.03 | 28.92 | |
| Never | 52.76 | 59.39 | 51.63 | 47.31 | |
| Alcohol use | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 17.07 | 277 (13.48%) | 373 (17.65%) | 423 (19.96%) | |
| No | 82.93 | 1778 (86.52%) | 1740 (82.35%) | 1696 (80.04%) | |
| Steroid use | 0.567 | ||||
| Yes | 1.05 | 23 (0.90%) | 31 (1.20%) | 27 (1.04%) | |
| No | 98.95 | 2543 (99.10%) | 2556 (98.80%) | 2559 (98.96%) | |
| Statin use | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 10.93 | 172 (6.70%) | 288 (11.13%) | 386 (14.93%) | |
| No | 89.07 | 2394 (93.30%) | 2299 (88.87%) | 2200 (85.07%) | |
| PIR | 0.229 | ||||
| < 1 | 17.27 | 412 (17.38%) | 409 (16.87%) | 423 (17.55%) | |
| 1–3 | 41.82 | 950 (40.07%) | 1030 (42.49%) | 1033 (42.86%) | |
| ≥ 3 | 40.92 | 1009 (42.56%) | 985 (40.64%) | 954 (39.59%) | |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.44 ± 0.86 | 0.34 ± 0.71 | 0.48 ± 0.98 | 0.50 ± 0.87 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.09 ± 1.05 | 4.66 ± 0.93 | 5.12 ± 0.97 | 5.47 ± 1.08 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.37 ± 0.40 | 1.56 ± 0.42 | 1.37 ± 0.37 | 1.18 ± 0.31 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.06 ± 0.93 | 2.76 ± 0.81 | 3.17 ± 0.89 | 3.23 ± 1.01 | < 0.001 |
| RC (mmol/L) | 0.66 ± 0.35 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.58 ± 0.08 | 1.06 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 |
| RA (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 7.47 | 5.16 | 7.88 | 9.35 | |
| No | 92.53 | 94.84 | 92.12 | 90.65 |