Table 2.

Morphological diagnoses and distribution of all eight macropolydesmid genera in Asia.

No.	Genus	Diagnosis	Distribution
1	Schizoturanius	Body small, strongylosomoid (= without prominent paraterga), moniliform; paraterga narrow, only seldom incised laterally; gonopods falcate and bifid distally; an accessory seminal chamber present; gonopod femorite carrying a characteristic process (Mikhaljova 2004)	Ten species in Central Asia and Ukraine, Asian part of Russia, Kazakhstan, northwestern China (Mikhaljova 2004; Nefediev 2023)
2	Uniramidesmus	Body small (usually ca 10 mm long); head covered with dense minute hairs; antennomeres 5–7 each with a small field of tiny bacilli dorsally; metaterga rather convex; paraterga small or medium-sized and set below dorsum, with marginal incisions; metatergal polygonal sculpture ranging from well-developed to poorly-developed; metatergal setae pointed; sphaerotrichs present or absent; gonopods slender, strongly falcate to coiled caudally, relatively simple, in situ crossing each other; seminal groove with a loop parabasally; accessory seminal chamber absent; opening of seminal groove subterminally to terminally on a bare to more or less pubescent pulvillus (Mikhaljova 2004, 2017)	Ten species in central Asia and Asian part of Russia (Mikhaljova 2004, 2017)
3	Jaxartes	Body small (usually ca 10 mm long); metaterga with bosses/tubercles with bacilliform or trichoid setae; paraterga clearly incised laterally; four distal ♂ podomeres with ventral sphaerotrichomes; gonopod coxite without outgrowths other than cannula; the gonotelopodite particularly slender, suberect, with the endomere being considerably longer than a ventrally fringed process (if present at all), also bearing a parabasal tooth and a subtruncate apex, basally with a very evident hairy pulvillus, but no distinct accessory seminal chamber (Antić et al. 2019)	Twelve species in Central Asia (Antić et al. 2019)
4	Epanerchodus	Gonopod endomere mostly absent, rarely present as only a more or less rudimentary structure, while the seminal groove after the recurvature point still makes a long way basad to debauch into a prominent, simple-haired, accessory seminal chamber placed at the bottom of a profound parabasal cavity in the telopodite (Liu and Golovatch 2018; Golovatch 2021).	120+ species, largely Palaearctic in distribution, mainly from Japan (East Asia) to the western part of China, from Mongolia (Central Asia) in the north to southern China and the Himalaya of Nepal in the south (Liu and Golovatch 2018; Golovatch 2021)
5	Pacidesmus	Body large, up to 30 mm long. Paraterga broad, slightly incised laterally. Metaterga with bosses with setae. Gonopod endomere variable, from relatively short, stout and bifid to long, slender and rather simple; exomere absent or supplied with an outgrowth (Golovatch et al. 2010; Liu and Golovatch 2020)	Twelve species in southern China and northern part of Southeast Asia (Golovatch et al. 2010; Liu and Golovatch 2020)
6	Nipponesmus	Body size large (up to 20 mm in length). Paraterga broad. Gonopod endomere with conspicuous comb of setae or slender teeth. The seminal groove running mostly mesally to recurve neatly between exomere and endomere, then to debauch somewhat basally into a prominent hairy pulvillus which also beset with the same peculiar trichome, and is devoid of an accessory seminal chamber (Golovatch et al. 2011)	Three species in Japan and Taiwan. (Golovatch et al. 2011)
7	Gleninea	Body small to large size (up to 16 mm in length). The third pair of ♂ legs only slightly thickened. Antenomere 5-6, each with a s mall, compact, distodorsal group of bacilliform sensilla. Lateral side of paraterga strongly serrated, 5-6 small, sharp teeth. Gonopod exomere simple, subfalcate; endomere with distal part carrying numerous or several spine-like hairs or strong, sometime curved spines. Accessory seminal chamber present (Golovatch and Geoffroy 2014)	Seven species in the Himalaya of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China (Golovatch and Geoffroy 2014)
8	Polydesmus	Body size medium to large. Paraterga usually wide. Gonopod solenomere absent to rather well developed, sometimes conspicuously shaped. Exomere from short and slightly curved to very long and strongly falcate, mostly uniramous, directed caudally, starting laterally or apically and basally of recurvature point of seminal groove. Seminal groove, largely mesal; terminal laterad loop relatively short and turning around a distofemoral process (Djursvoll et al. 2001)	About 200 species distributed mainly in the Mediterranean; a few species in East Asia and northern Vietnam (Djursvoll et al. 2001)