Figure 3.

The respective roles of patients, surrogates, and clinicians during the collaborative planning process of a time-limited trial. Delphi participants were asked to rate the different elements of a time-limited trial on a scale ranging from 1 (element exclusively determined by clinicians) to 9 (element exclusively determined by patient and/or surrogate[s]). The mean score and SD of scores among participants are labeled. The rationales describe findings from Delphi free-text comments and committee consensus about the nature of the roles. SD = standard deviation.