Table 4.
Mean symptoms and Spearman’s correlations with defenses by country.
| Symptoms | Mean (SD) | ODF | Mature | Neurotic | Immature | Dep. | Non-dep. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | |||||||
| PHQ-Dep. | 8.63 (6.77) | -.38** | -.42** | .39** | .27** | .31** | .05* |
| PHQ-Anx. | 6.27 (3.85) | -.28** | -.35** | .39** | .16** | .21** | .00 |
| PHQ-Som. | 7.95 (6.16) | -.28** | -.32** | .35** | .17** | .21** | .01* |
| Posttr. IES-6 | 9.75 (5.91) | -.31** | -.36** | .35** | .21** | .23** | .07** |
| Posttr. IES-R22 | 26.83 (16.70) | -.46** | -.49** | .34** | .40** | .32** | .28** |
| Australia | |||||||
| PHQ-Dep. | 9.27 (7.21) | -.49** | -.48** | .33** | .43** | .12* | .12** |
| PHQ-Anx. | 8.07 (3.43) | -.41** | -.43** | .39** | .32** | .05 | .05** |
| PHQ-Som. | 3.92 (3.41) | -.24** | -.23** | .19** | .32** | .02 | .02** |
| Posttr. IES-R22 | 23.89 (17.01) | -.42** | -.44** | .35** | .18** | .13* | .13** |
| Canada | |||||||
| PHQ-Dep. | 8.48 (6.61) | -.43** | -.47** | .37** | .33** | .34** | .11** |
| PHQ-Anx. | 5.96 (3.82) | -.31** | -.38** | .39** | .21** | .23** | .05** |
| PHQ-Som. | 9.28 (5.94) | -.28** | -.34** | .35** | .19** | .21** | .04* |
| Posttr. IES-6 | 8.92 (5.70) | -.31** | -.36** | .35** | .22** | .22** | .08** |
| Germany | |||||||
| PHQ-Dep. | 5.87 (5.91) | -.37** | -.39** | .29** | .31** | .29** | .13** |
| PHQ-Anx. | 3.81 (3.27) | -.33** | -.36** | .31** | .26** | .24** | .10** |
| PHQ-Som. | 7.16 (5.89) | -.33** | -.36** | .28** | .27** | .24** | .12** |
| Posttr. IES-6 | 7.71 (4.67) | -.28** | -.32** | .25** | .23** | .18** | .14** |
| Italy | |||||||
| SCL-Dep. | .96 (.73) | -.52** | -.50** | .28** | .46** | .51** | .12** |
| SCL-Anx. | .84 (.68) | -.45** | -.44** | .25** | .40** | .42** | .13** |
| SCL-Som. | .61 (.59) | -.37** | -.37** | .23** | .32** | .34** | .10** |
| Posttr. IES-R22 | 24.72 (16.01) | -.42** | -.43** | .28** | .37** | .35** | .18** |
| UK PHQ-Dep. | 7.20 (6.47) | -.37** | -.39** | .31** | .27** | .32** | .02** |
| PHQ-Anx. | 4.56 (3.64) | -.32** | -.36** | .33** | .22** | .27** | .01** |
| PHQ-Som. | 7.54 (6.03) | -.28** | -.31** | .28** | .20** | .23** | .02** |
| Posttr. IES-6 | 7.99 (5.55) | -.33** | -.37** | .29** | .26** | .26** | .09** |
PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire – depressive, anxiety and somatic symptom subscales; SCL, Symptom checklist 90 – depressive, anxiety and somatic subscales; Posttr. 6, Impact of Events Scale-6; Posttr. R22, Impact of Events Scale-R22; Dep., Depressive defenses; Non-Dep., Non-Depressive defenses. **p<.001 *p<.01. In all correlations, age and gender were partialled out.