Table 1.

Patient Demographics for the Control, THC-Only, and THC-Opioid–Positive Groups

Factor	Control n = 252	Multidrug N = 47	THC Only n = 54	P
Age	60.46 ± 15.04	58.53 ± 10.95	51.90 ± 15.12	<0.001
Sex				0.29
Female	108 (42.86%)	26 (55.32%)	24 (44.44%)
Male	144 (57.14%)	21 (44.68%)	30 (55.56%)
BMI	30.43 ± 6.35	29.49 ± 6.85	30.25 ± 6.29	0.58
Race				0.21
Asian	3 (1.19%)	1 (2.13%)	1 (1.85%)
Black or African American	30 (11.90%)	4 (8.51%)	8 (14.81%)
Middle Eastern	2 (0.79%)	0	0
Pacific Islander/Hawaiian	0	1 (2.13%)	0
White	211 (84.13%)	38 (80.85%)	45 (83.33%)
Other	5 (1.98%)	3 (6.38%)	0
Smoking				<0.01
Current	37 (14.68%)	16 (34.78%)	11 (20.37%)
Former	79 (31.35%)	7 (15.22%)	9 (16.67%)
Never	136 (53.97%)	23 (50.00%)	34 (62.96%)
Surgical region				0.16
Cervical	66 (26.19%)	20 (42.55%)	16 (29.63%)
Thoracic	5 (1.98%)	1 (2.13%)	0
Lumbar	181 (71.83%)	26 (55.32%)	38 (70.37%)
Fusion				0.05
Yes	155 (61.51%)	37 (78.72%)	23 (57.41%)
No	97 (38.49%)	10 (21.28%)	31 (42.59%)
Marital status				0.49
Divorced	26 (10.32%)	4 (8.51%)	5 (9.26%)
Married	159 (63.10%)	28 (59.57%)	28 (51.85%)
Separated	2 (0.79%)	0	1 (1.85%)
Single	52 (20.63%)	13 (27.66%)	19 (35.19%)
Widows	13 (5.16%)	2 (4.26%)	1 (1.85%)

BMI = body mass index, THC = tetrahydrocannabinol