Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis and the mechanism of NanoICD to induce ICD.

(A) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of NanoICD; (B) the mechanism by which NanoICD induces ER stress; (C) encapsulated CAT and functional polymer surface of NanoICD/CAT synergistically regulate immune system for cancer treatment. NanoICD with strong surface interaction with ER hinders the retro-translocation process and effectively induces ER stress.