Table 4.
Medications Administered During Rapid Sequence Intubation
| Medications Used |
Total Population, n (%)
(N = 172) |
NICU, n (%)
(n = 108) |
Non-NICU, n (%)
(n = 64) |
Median (IQR) Dose, mg/kg/dose * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preinduction | 41 of 172 (23.8) | 31 of 108 (29.2) | 10 of 64 (15.6)† | |
| Atropine | 36 of 41(87.8) | 30 of 31 (96.8) | 6 of 10 (60) | 0.02 (0.02–0.02) |
| Glycopyrrolate | 3 of 41 (7.3) | — | 3 of 10 (30) | 0.005 (0.002–0.01) |
| Lidocaine | 3 of 41 (7.3) | 1 of 31 (3.2) | 2 of 10 (20) | |
| IV | 2 of 3 (66.7) | — | 2 of 10 (20) | 0.99 (0.99–1) |
| ET | 1 of 3 (33.3) | 1 of 31 (3.2) | — | 2.4 |
| Induction | 119 of 172 (69.2) | 56 of 108 (51.9)‡ | 63 of 64 (98.4)§ | |
| Fentanyl | 80 of 119 (67.2) | 46 of 56 (82.1) | 34 of 63 (54) | 1.16 (0.99–2)¶ |
| Midazolam | 40 of 119 (33.6) | 24 of 56 (42.9) | 16 of 63 (25.4) | 0.09 (0.05–0.1) |
| Ketamine | 18 of 119 (15.1) | — | 18 of 63 (28.6) | 1 (0.99–1.14) |
| Etomidate | 11 of 119 (9.2) | — | 11 of 63 (17.5) | 0.3 (0.29–0.3) |
| Propofol | 9 of 119 (7.6) | — | 9 of 63 (14.3) | 0.99 (0.91–1.1) |
| Morphine | 5 of 119 (4.2) | 5 of 56 (8.9) | — | 0.05 (0.47–0.1) |
| Lorazepam | 1 of 119 (0.8) | 1 of 56 (1.8) | — | 0.09 |
| NMBA | 86 of 172 (50) | 25 of 108 (23.1) | 61 of 64 (95.3)** | |
| Rocuronium | 67 of 86 (77.9) | 11 of 25 (44) | 56 of 61 (91.8) | 1.03 (0.99–1.2) |
| Vecuronium | 10 of 86 (11.6) | 9 of 25 (36) | 1 of 61 (1.6) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) |
| Succinylcholine | 9 of 86 (10.5) | 5 of 25 (20) | 4 of 61 (6.6) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) |
| Cisatracurium | 2 of 86 (2.3) | — | 2 of 61 (3.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) |
ET, endotracheal; IV, intravenous; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; NMBA, neuromuscular blocking agent
* Weight-based doses were calculated for all patients.
† One patient received both atropine and lidocaine for preinduction.
‡ Induction agents were used alone in 37 cases and in combination in 19 cases (Supplemental Table S2).
§ Induction agents were used alone in 39 cases and in combination in 24 cases (Supplemental Table S2).
¶ Dose in mcg/kg/dose.
** Two patients received both succinylcholine and rocuronium for NMBA administration.