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. 2024 Feb 1;134(3):e165644. doi: 10.1172/JCI165644

Figure 1. Bacterial biofilm in implants is associated with BII.

Figure 1

(A) Schematic presentation of the bacterial biofilm association with BII. (B) Breast implant isolated from a participant. (C) Capsule associated with breast implant of the participant shown in panel B. (D) Increased abundance of bacterial biofilm from the implant-associated capsule of BII compared with non-BII implant-associated capsules as determined through scanning electron microscopy. Zoomed insets of region of interest (ROI) are shown by the dotted yellow square. n = 10 (non-BII), n = 25 (BII) participants. (E) Increased abundance of bacterial biofilm as measured through WGA assay in the capsules of BII participants compared with the non-BII capsules. (F) Quantification of biofilm aggregates using WGA staining. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 7 (non-BII), n = 7 (BII) participants. t test was used for analysis of BII versus non-BII (P = 0.0036). (G–I) 16S rRNA NGS-based bacterial typing from the breast tissues of participants with G, normal; H, non-BII; and I, BII tissues. Top 5 bacterial species in each group represented. Fraction of participant samples associated with a bacterial species is provided in parenthesis n = 16 (normal), n = 20 (non-BII), n = 50 (BII). (J) Spider-plot depicting the ranking of the top 5 bacterial infection types in the BII group compared to their ranking in the non-BII and normal groups. The intersection of the group lines with the spikes of the spider-plot indicates the proportion of these infections by groups. The call out numbers are the ranks for each of these infections within each group. n = 16 (normal), n = 20 (non-BII), n = 50 (BII). (K) Increased abundance of biofilm forming Staphylococcus epidermidis in implant-associated breast tissues of participants with BII. Bubble plot indicating the percentage of patients with Staphylococcus epidermidis provided above the individual bars. The bubble percentage indicates the likelihood of a participant with S. epidermidis biofilm in each of the 3 groups. n = 16 (normal), n = 20 (non-BII), n = 50 (BII) participants.