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. 2023 Dec 18;626(7998):435–442. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06953-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, The PTH lucCage biosensor. Cage and latch (left, beige), key (right, beige) and the PTH binder (grey) thermodynamically shift from the off to on state in the presence of PTH peptide target (purple). This conformational change brings two luciferase halves (inactive in white, active in blue) close together leading to luminescence. b, Left: titration of PTH results in luminescence increase (n = 3). Middle: response of lucCagePTH biosensor in the linear concentration range, indicating a 10 nM limit of detection (Supplementary Methods). Right: titration curve of 10 nM lucCagePTH + lucKey to various concentrations of PTH (n = 3). c, LC–MS/MS enrichment experiment schematic; the trypsin digestion step was skipped for the GCG binder. d, Left: LC–MS/MS recovery percentages for triplicate measurements of an N-terminal tryptic peptide of PTH. The negative control comprised bovine serum albumin mixed with PTH in a buffer solution. Right: recovery percentage for triplicate measurements of intact GCG peptide normalized to the percentage recovery with a monoclonal antibody (n = 3). Following the first binding and elution experiments, beads were extensively washed and resuspended in PBS–CHAPS 0.1%, and then used in a second pulldown experiment. An unrelated binder attached to the magnetic beads mixed with GCG in buffer was used as a negative control. a,c, Created with BioRender.com.