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. 2024 Jan 5;27(2):259–271. doi: 10.1038/s41593-023-01520-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 2 — Given that Dbx1⁺ neurons are glutamatergic, we combine Dbx1⁺ opto-tagged neurons with Vglut2⁺ opto-tagged neurons to identify the excitatory units. (a) AP distributions of inspiratory (red) and expiratory (blue) units that are excitatory (top) or inhibitory (bottom) for varying coherence thresholds (left to right). Y-axis is probability of a unit being in a given bin (150 μm), normalized within the identified group (that is, inspiratory or expiratory are normalized independently). Of note is the high proportion of inhibitory neurons in the canonical Bötzinger complex, particularly if analyses are restricted only to strongly coherent neurons, and the high proportion of inspiratory neurons caudal to the preBötC, likely including bulbospinal rVRG premotor populations. AP extent of landmark regions in the ventral medulla are shown, but histograms include units from all regions that overlap at a given AP location (b) Same data as in (a), but colored by excitatory (purple)/inhibitory (green); inspiratory neurons in top row, expiratory neurons in bottom.