Table.

Lifetime risks of developing and dying from gastrointestinal cancers by sex and level of human development in 2020

	Colorectum	Stomach	Liver	Oesophagus	Pancreas	Gallbladder	Gastrointestinal cancers
Gastrointestinal cancer development in the total population
World	3·16 (3·15–3·17)	1·77 (1·76–1·77)	1·36 (1·35–1·36)	0·93 (0·93–0·93)	0·89 (0·88–0·89)	0·20 (0·19–0·20)	8·20 (8·18–8·21)
Very high HDI country	5·53 (5·52–5·55)	2·23 (2·22–2·24)	1·28 (1·28–1·29)	0·65 (0·64–0·65)	1·72 (1·71–1·72)	0·23 (0·23–0·23)	11·39 (11·37–11·41)
High HDI country	3·28 (3·27–3·29)	2·36 (2·35–2·37)	2·10 (2·09–2·10)	1·46 (1·45–1·46)	0·82 (0·81–0·83)	0·20 (0·19–0·20)	10·09 (10·07–10·11)
Medium HDI country	0·65 (0·65–0·66)	0·62 (0·61–0·63)	0·41 (0·41–0·42)	0·66 (0·66–0·67)	0·14 (0·14–0·15)	0·21 (0·20–0·21)	2·69 (2·67–2·70)
Low HDI country	0·80 (0·78–0·81)	0·53 (0·51–0·54)	0·65 (0·63–0·66)	0·37 (0·36–0·38)	0·21 (0·20–0·22)	0·07 (0·06–0·07)	2·61 (2·58–2·65)
Gastrointestinal cancer deaths in the total population
World	1·74 (1·73–1·74)	1·30 (1·29–1·30)	1·27 (1·26–1·27)	0·87 (0·87–0·87)	0·85 (0·85–0·85)	0·15 (0·14–0·15)	6·17 (6·16–6·18)
Very high HDI country	2·70 (2·69–2·71)	1·24 (1·23–1·24)	1·08 (1·07–1·08)	0·52 (0·51–0·52)	1·60 (1·60–1·61)	0·15 (0·15–0·15)	7·29 (7·27–7·30)
High HDI country	2·00 (1·99–2·01)	1·99 (1·98–1·99)	2·03 (2·02–2·04)	1·44 (1·44–1·45)	0·81 (0·80–0·81)	0·15 (0·15–0·16)	8·42 (8·40–8·44)
Medium HDI country	0·41 (0·41–0·42)	0·55 (0·54–0·56)	0·39 (0·38–0·39)	0·61 (0·60–0·62)	0·14 (0·13–0·14)	0·16 (0·16–0·16)	2·26 (2·25–2·27)
Low HDI country	0·59 (0·58–0·61)	0·47 (0·45–0·48)	0·63 (0·62–0·65)	0·36 (0·34–0·37)	0·20 (0·19–0·21)	0·06 (0·05–0·06)	2·31 (2·28–2·35)
Gastrointestinal cancer development in the male population
World	3·36 (3·35–3·37)	2·27 (2·26–2·28)	1·79 (1·78–1·79)	1·24 (1·24–1·25)	0·88 (0·87–0·88)	0·14 (0·13–0·14)	9·53 (9·51–9·55)
Very high HDI country	5·99 (5·96–6·01)	2·90 (2·89–2·92)	1·70 (1·68–1·71)	1·01 (1·00–1·01)	1·71 (1·70–1·73)	0·17 (0·16–0·17)	13·11 (13·08–13·14)
High HDI country	3·46 (3·44–3·48)	3·05 (3·03–3·06)	2·78 (2·76–2·79)	1·89 (1·88–1·90)	0·82 (0·81–0·83)	0·14 (0·14–0·14)	11·98 (11·94–12·01)
Medium HDI country	0·74 (0·73–0·76)	0·77 (0·76–0·78)	0·52 (0·51–0·53)	0·79 (0·78–0·80)	0·17 (0·16–0·17)	0·13 (0·12–0·13)	3·12 (3·09–3·14)
Low HDI country	0·81 (0·78–0·84)	0·59 (0·57–0·62)	0·80 (0·78–0·83)	0·40 (0·38–0·42)	0·21 (0·20–0·23)	0·05 (0·04–0·06)	2·89 (2·83–2·94)
Gastrointestinal cancer deaths in the male population
World	1·83 (1·82–1·84)	1·65 (1·64–1·65)	1·66 (1·66–1·67)	1·16 (1·15–1·16)	0·84 (0·83–0·84)	0·10 (0·10–0·10)	7·23 (7·22–7·25)
Very high HDI country	2·90 (2·88–2·91)	1·55 (1·54–1·56)	1·40 (1·39–1·41)	0·80 (0·79–0·80)	1·61 (1·59–1·62)	0·11 (0·11–0·11)	8·36 (8·33–8·39)
High HDI country	2·09 (2·07–2·11)	2·55 (2·53–2·57)	2·69 (2·67–2·70)	1·87 (1·85–1·88)	0·80 (0·79–0·81)	0·11 (0·11–0·12)	10·11 (10·08–10·14)
Medium HDI country	0·47 (0·46–0·48)	0·69 (0·68–0·71)	0·49 (0·48–0·50)	0·73 (0·72–0·74)	0·16 (0·15–0·16)	0·10 (0·09–0·10)	2·65 (2·63–2·67)
Low HDI country	0·60 (0·58–0·63)	0·53 (0·50–0·55)	0·78 (0·75–0·81)	0·39 (0·37–0·41)	0·21 (0·19–0·23)	0·04 (0·04–0·05)	2·58 (2·52–2·63)
Gastrointestinal cancer development in the female population
World	2·97 (2·96–2·97)	1·26 (1·25–1·26)	0·92 (0·91–0·92)	0·61 (0·60–0·61)	0·90 (0·89–0·90)	0·26 (0·26–0·26)	6·84 (6·82–6·85)
Very high HDI country	5·12 (5·10–5·13)	1·60 (1·59–1·61)	0·89 (0·88–0·90)	0·31 (0·30–0·31)	1·72 (1·71–1·73)	0·29 (0·28–0·29)	9·75 (9·73–9·78)
High HDI	3·09 (3·07–3·10)	1·63 (1·62–1·65)	1·39 (1·38–1·40)	1·00 (1·00–1·01)	0·82 (0·82–0·83)	0·25 (0·25–0·26)	8·12 (8·10–8·14)
Medium HDI country	0·55 (0·55–0·56)	0·46 (0·45–0·46)	0·29 (0·29–0·30)	0·52 (0·52–0·53)	0·12 (0·11–0·12)	0·29 (0·29–0·30)	2·23 (2·21–2·25)
Low HDI country	0·79 (0·76–0·81)	0·46 (0·44–0·48)	0·50 (0·48–0·52)	0·33 (0·32–0·35)	0·20 (0·18–0·21)	0·08 (0·07–0·09)	2·36 (2·32–2·40)
Gastrointestinal cancer deaths in the female population
World	1·65 (1·64–1·66)	0·94 (0·94–0·95)	0·86 (0·86–0·87)	0·58 (0·58–0·58)	0·86 (0·86–0·87)	0·19 (0·19–0·19)	5·09 (5·08–5·10)
Very high HDI country	2·53 (2·52–2·54)	0·95 (0·94–0·95)	0·77 (0·76–0·78)	0·25 (0·25–0·26)	1·61 (1·60–1·61)	0·19 (0·19–0·20)	6·30 (6·28–6·32)
High HDI country	1·90 (1·89–1·91)	1·40 (1·39–1·41)	1·35 (1·34–1·36)	1·00 (1·00–1·01)	0·81 (0·81–0·82)	0·20 (0·19–0·20)	6·66 (6·64–6·69)
Medium HDI country	0·35 (0·34–0·35)	0·40 (0·39–0·41)	0·28 (0·27–0·28)	0·48 (0·48–0·49)	0·11 (0·11–0·12)	0·23 (0·22–0·23)	1·85 (1·83–1·86)
Low HDI country	0·59 (0·56–0·61)	0·41 (0·39–0·43)	0·48 (0·47–0·50)	0·32 (0·31–0·34)	0·19 (0·18–0·21)	0·07 (0·06–0·08)	2·07 (2·03–2·11)

Data are % (95% CI). HDI=Human Development Index.