Table 1.

Cost-effectiveness of interventions to treat or prevent bronchiolitis that may be used in the ICU.

Intervention/[reference]	Country	Outcome	Cost-effectivenessa proven in:
			Hospital setting	ICU setting
Treatment of bronchiolitis
CPAP/49, 50, 51,74	Netherlands, France, Colombia	ICU length of stay and duration of respiratory support, QALY	no	yes
Selective use of nebulised β2-agonists/70	Colombia	Hospital and ICU admission and length of stay	yes	yes
Hypertonic saline/71, 72, 73	Many countriesb	Hospital admission or length of stay, QALY	yes	no
Pronation	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Surfactant	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Prevention of nosocomial outbreaks
Containment/68	USA	Incidence density	yes	yes
Palivizumab/69	UAE	Duration of O2 therapy	yes	no

Abbreviations: CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; n.a. not available; ICU: intensive care unit; QALY: quality-adjusted life year; UAE: United Arab Emirates; UK: United Kingdom; USA: United States of America.

^aCost-effectiveness was proven as dominant scenario versus comparators (i.e. the intervention results in better health effects and cost savings) in the hospital or specifically in the ICU setting; when the cost-effectiveness was proven in the hospital setting (e.g.: reduced hospital admission or length of stay), the cost of ICU admission was also considered and had a relevant weight in the outcome.⁵² More details in the text.

^bData extracted from systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses.