Table 1.
Study characteristics & baseline patient demographics for studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Author | Publication year | Country | Study design | Sample size | Weight (kg) | Weight SDS | BMI (kg/m2) | BMI, SDS | Mean age, range (years) | Age, SDS | Age, range | Lean mass index, Z score | Baseline comorbidity (%) | Gender (% female), total number (n) | Type of bariatric intervention | Length of Follow up (months) | NOS/JADDAD∗ | Outcomes collected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santos et al.22 | 2019 | Brazil | Prospective cohort | 60 | 46.1 | 7.3 | 17.1 | 0.8 | n/a | Not reported | 63.7% (n = 38) | RYGB | 12 | 7 | Ca2+, phosphate, 25OH, PTH, Mg, Zinc, ALP | |||
| Bredella et al.23 | 2021 | USA | Prospective cohort | 10 | 124.1 | 20.8 | 43.5 | 5.6 | 17.8 | 2.5 | 14–21 | Not reported | 90% (n = 9) | SG | 12 | 7 | Ca2+, 25OH, Lumbar BMD | |
| Kaulfers et al.24 | 2010 | USA | Retrospective case review | 61 | 154.8 | 20.4 | 54.4 | 6.8 | 17.3 | 1.9 | 13.7–23.5 | NALFD (18%), HTN (30%), Depression (33%), OSA (63%), T2DM (11%), PCOS (28%) | 83.6% (n = 51) | RYGB | 13.9 (2.8–26.8) | 6 | Lumbar BMD, total body BMC | |
| (A) Misra et al.25 | 2020 | USA | Prospective cohort | 22 | 132.7 | 4.4 | 47 | 1.5 | 18.3 | 0.5 | 14–22 | T2DM (9%) | 72.7% (n = 16) | SG | 12 | 8 | Ca2+, phosphate, 25OH, lumbar BMD | |
| Weiner et al.26 | 2020 | USA | Retrospective case review | 279 (123 with 12-month follow-up) | 48 | 8.8 | 16.8 | 1.2 | 13.4–19.6 | Not reported | 69.5% (n = 194) | LAGB and SG | 12 | 7 | Ca2+,25OH, PTH, osteocalcin, CTX | |||
| Mitchell et al.27 | 2022 | USA | Prospective cohort | 30 | 133.2 | 25.5 | 47.1 | 76.9 | 18.1 | 2.1 | 13–24 | 2.4 | 7% (T2DM, 2 SG) | 77% (n = 23) | SG | 24 | 8 | Ca2+,, 25OH, phosphate, PTH, P1NP, CTX, subtotal body and lumbar BMD |
| Nadler et al.28 | 2009 | USA | Prospective cohort | 45 | 135.6 | 25.8 | 48.1 | 6.4 | 16.1 | 1.2 | 14–17 | 8% OSA | 67% (n = 30) | LAGB | 12 | 6 | Ca2+, 25OH, Mg, zinc, lumbar BMD | |
| Sachdev et al.29 | 2018 | UK | Prospective cohort | 12 | 138.5 | 23.9 | 46.4 | 5.6 | 15.6 | n/a | 8% OSA, 25% mobility issues, 17% HTN, 58% insulin resistance, 50% dyslipidaemia | 58% (n = 7) | IAGB | 24 | 6 | Subtotal and lumbar BMD, total BMC | ||
| (B) Misra et al.30 | 2020 | USA | Prospective cohort | 24 | 134.4 | 3.7 | 47.4 | 1.3 | 17.8 | 6.4 | 14–22 | 2.6 | 75% female (n = 18) | SG | 12 | 8 | Ca2+, phosphate, 25OH, lumbar BMD | |
| De Peppo et al.31 | 2008 | Italy | Prospective cohort | 12 | 105.6 | 15.1 | 47.9 | 7.8 | 18.7 | 7.1 | 8–30 | 50% (4 T2DM, 1 hypothyroidism, 1 scoliosis, 1 HTN) | 67% female (n = 8) | IAGB | 8 | 5 | Lumbar BMD | |
| Beamish et al. (A)32 | 2016 | Sweden | Prospective cohort | 22 Male | Male: 145.9 | 22.5 | Male: 46.4 | 5.6 | 16.5 | 1.2 | 13–18 | 69% female (n = 52) | RYGB | 12 and 24 | 7 | 25OH, ALP, osteocalcin | ||
| Beamish et al. (B) | 50 Female | Female: 123.1 | 14.5 | Female: 44.0 | 4.8 | 13–18 | P1NP, CTX, lumbar BMD | |||||||||||
| Jarvholm et al.33 | 2023 | Sweden | RCT | 25 | 124.3 | 16.9 | 42.9 | 5 | 15.6 | 1.1 | 13–16 | 0.6 | 76% female (n = 19) | RYGB, SG | 24 | 8∗ | 25OH, subtotal body BMD, PTH |
Abbreviations: SDS, standard deviation scores; BMI, body mass index; NALFD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; PCOS, polycystic ovarian disease; RYGB, roux en-Y-gastric bypass; SG, sleeve gastrectomy; IAGB, intra-gastric balloon; LAGB, laparoscopic adjustable gastric band; NOS, Newcastle-Ottowa score, Ca2+, calcium; 25OH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Mg, magnesium; ALP, bone alkaline phosphatase; BMD, bone mineral density; CTX, C-terminal telopeptide; P1NP, Procollagen type 1 N propeptide; BMC, bone mineral content; JADDAD∗, modified JADDAD score for RCT.