Table 5.
Time (minutes) to maximum concentration (TMax): individual amino acids, total BCAA, total EAA, and total amino acid
| Amino acid | Group | 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 180 | 240 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arginine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (40.0%) | 17 (56.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.19 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (36.7%) | 13 (43.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Glutamine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 21 (70.0%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.76 |
| PPC | 1 (3.3%) | 9 (30.0%) | 13 (43.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | ||
| Citrulline | PPC + BC30 | 6 (24.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 9 (36.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.45 |
| PPC | 9 (30.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 7 (23.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 3 (10.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | ||
| Serine | PPC + BC30 | 1 (3.3%) | 8 (26.7%) | 20 (66.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.51 |
| PPC | 1 (3.3%) | 13 (43.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Asparagine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (26.7%) | 22 (73.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.49 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 14 (46.7%) | 13 (43.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Glycine | PPC + BC30 | 2 (6.9%) | 7 (24.1%) | 19 (65.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.62 |
| PPC | 2 (6.7%) | 14 (46.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Threonine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (17.2%) | 23 (79.3%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.22 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (40.0%) | 14 (46.7%) | 3 (10.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Alanine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 20 (66.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.45 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 21 (70.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Ornithine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 18 (60.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.81 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 13 (43.3%) | 7 (23.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 3 (10.0) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Methionine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (40.0%) | 15 (50.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.48 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (43.3%) | 15 (50.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Proline | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (17.2%) | 22 (75.9%) | 1 (3.4%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.56 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (33.3%) | 15 (50.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Lysine | PPC + BC30 | 1 (3.3%) | 4 (13.3%) | 24 (80.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.56 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (36.7%) | 16 (53.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Aspartic acid | PPC + BC30 | 1 (3.3%) | 15 (50.0%) | 9 (30.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.82 |
| PPC | 5 (16.7%) | 11 (36.7%) | 8 (26.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Histidine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (20.0%) | 24 (80.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.36 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (43.3%) | 15 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Valine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (40.0%) | 17 (56.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.19 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (36.7%) | 13 (43.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Glutamic acid | PPC + BC30 | 4 (13.3%) | 10 (33.3%) | 10 (33.3%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.93 |
| PPC | 6 (20.0%) | 9 (30.0%) | 9 (30.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | ||
| Tryptophan | PPC + BC30 | 1 (3.3%) | 7 (24.1%) | 14 (48.3%) | 4 (13.8%) | 2 (6.9%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.30 |
| PPC | 1 (3.3%) | 12 (40.0%) | 9 (30.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Leucine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (24.1%) | 22 (75.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.34 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (43.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Phenylalanine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (24.1%) | 17 (58.6%) | 3 (10.3%) | 1 (3.4%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.01 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (43.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Isoleucine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (17.2%) | 22 (75.9%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.08 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (40.0%) | 16 (53.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Cysteine | PPC + BC30 | 6 (20.0%) | 6 (20.0%) | 15 (50.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.83 |
| PPC | 4 (13.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | 9 (30.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Tyrosine | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (13.8%) | 22 (75.9%) | 2 (6.9%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.51 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 17 (56.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | 3 (10.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Total BCAA | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (13.8%) | 22 (75.9%) | 2 (6.9%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.33 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (26.7%) | 17 (56.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Total EAA | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (17.2%) | 22 (75.9%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.15 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (36.7%) | 16 (53.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Total amino acids | PPC + BC30 | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (13.3%) | 25 (83.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.41 |
| PPC | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (36.7%) | 15 (50.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Data is presented as number of times the specified timepoint was TMax. The value in parenthesis is the % occurrence within the condition for each timepoint. TMax = Timepoint (in minutes) at which maximum concentration was observed. p = difference determined using Wilcoxon signed-rank test