Table 1.

Treatments used throughout the trial.

Treatment code	Description	Active ingredient concentration
0 ppm	Negative control	No ZnO, no PAA
ZnO	In-feed supra-nutritional ZnO (positive control)	3,100 mg/kg of in-feed ZnO
50 ppm	In-water PAA, delivered via precursors' hydrolysis	50 mg/kg of PAA (prepared mixing TAED 0.10 g/L, SP 0.2 g/L, EDTA 0.05 g/L, and citric acid 0.1 g/L)
150 ppm	In-water PAA, delivered via precursors' hydrolysis	150 mg/kg of PAA (prepared mixing TAED 0.30 g/L, SP 0.6 g/L, EDTA 0.05 g/L, and citric acid 0.3 g/L)