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. 2024 Jan 3;48(1):83–96. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0363

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Copyright © 2024 Korean Diabetes Association

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 6. — Schematic diagram illustrating a possible mechanism of the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on cardiovascular disease. Ang II, angiotensin II; Pi, inorganic phosphate; AT1, angiotensin II receptor type 1; AT2, angiotensin II receptor type 2; Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, c-JUN N-terminal kinase; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; Atf4, activating transcription factor 4; Bmp2, bone morphogenic protein 2; Runx2, runtrelated transcription factor-2.