Table 1.
Age-adjusted characteristics of women by area-level socioeconomic status (ASES) score in quartiles: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016
| Characteristics | ASES score in quartiles | P value for equality between ASES quartiles | |||
| Lowest (n=1025) | Second (n=977) | Third (n=943) | Highest (n=945) | ||
| Age, years | 63.6 (10.0) | 62.1 (10.7) | 62.3 (10.2) | 61.2 (10.4) | <0.0001 |
| Verbal memory test* | 7.3 (2.0) | 7.6 (2.0) | 7.6 (2.0) | 7.7 (2.0) | <0.0001 |
| Digit Symbol Coding test† | 43.8 (12.1) | 45.2 (11.9) | 46.6 (16.0) | 46.6 (12.6) | <0.0001 |
| Tapping test‡ | 54.8 (8.7) | 54.8 (8.6) | 56.2 (8.3) | 56.1 (8.4) | <0.0001 |
| Mini-Mental State Examination§ | 27.8 (2.3) | 28.1 (2.2) | 28.3 (2.0) | 28.2 (2.0) | <0.0001 |
| Anxiety symptoms¶ | 3.3 (2.8) | 3.4 (3.0) | 3.2 (2.8) | 3.2 (2.8) | 0.45 |
| Depression symptoms** | 2.7 (2.6) | 2.7 (2.7) | 2.2 (2.4) | 2.5 (2.5) | <0.0001 |
| Insomnia symptoms†† | 10.0 (10.3) | 10.1 (10.2) | 9.0 (9.4) | 8.8 (8.9) | 0.0037 |
| Alcohol (per drinking session), % | 0.0001 | ||||
| No alcohol | 11.3 | 8.4 | 5.5 | 6.2 | |
| 1–2 units | 67.3 | 71.3 | 75.2 | 75.5 | |
| 3–4 units | 19.1 | 18.4 | 17.4 | 16.3 | |
| 5 or more units | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | |
| Smoking, % | 0.0003 | ||||
| No smoking | 32.1 | 36.0 | 38.1 | 39.0 | |
| Previous smoking | 49.8 | 47.5 | 49.2 | 47.9 | |
| Occasional smoking | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | |
| Daily smoking | 15.9 | 13.6 | 9.8 | 9.8 | |
| Snuff use, % | 0.23 | ||||
| No snuff user | 95.3 | 96.3 | 96.9 | 96.3 | |
| Previous snuff user | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 | |
| Current snuff user | 3.0 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | |
| Physical activity, % | <0.0001 | ||||
| Sedentary | 14.2 | 13.5 | 10.5 | 10.3 | |
| Light activity | 69.1 | 69.5 | 65.6 | 66.1 | |
| Moderate-to-vigorous activity | 16.8 | 16.9 | 23.8 | 23.6 | |
| Foods/nutrients | Lowest (n=665) | Second (n=675) | Third (n=629) | Highest (n=638) | |
| Fruits and vegetables (g/day) | 570 (328) | 619 (314) | 615 (324) | 611 (286) | 0.02 |
| Saturated fat (g/day) | 31 (14) | 31 (13) | 30 (13) | 30 (12) | 0.89 |
| Sugar (g/day) | 28 (27) | 27 (29) | 25 (25) | 27 (26) | 0.41 |
P value for linear trend.
*Scores are given as the number of correct words recalled (0, 12).
†Scores are given as the number of correct symbols coded (0, 96).
‡Scores are given as the average number of taps in 10 s.
§Scores are given as the number of correct memory (0, 30).
¶Anxiety score (0–21).
**Depression score (0–21).
††Insomnia score (0–42).
ASES, area-level socioeconomic status.