Table 3.
Associations between area-level socioeconomic status (exposure) and lifestyle behaviours (mediators) by sex and as main effects or effects moderated by age (n=7211): the Tromsø Study 2015–2016
| Mediators | Main effects not moderated by age | Effects moderated by age | ||||||
| Women | Men | Women | Men | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||||
| −1 SD | Mean age | +1 SD | −1 SD | Mean age | +1 SD | |||
| Smoking (ref: Never) | ||||||||
| Previous* | 0.77 (0.68 to 0.88) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.20) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) | 0.75 (0.64 to 0.87) | No significant interaction with age | |||
| Occasional* | 1.14 (0.86 to 1.51) | 1.66 (1.01 to 2.73) | 1.20 (0.87 to 1.64) | 0.87 (0.61 to 1.23) | ||||
| Current* | 0.57 (0.46 to 0.69) | 0.82 (0.65 to 1.05) | 0.65 (0.54 to 0.78) | 0.52 (0.41 to 0.65) | – | – | ||
| Alcohol (ref: 0 units) | – | – | – | |||||
| 1–2 units* | 1.50 (1.14 to 1.96) | 1.81 (1.45 to 2.25) | 1.75 (1.42 to 2.17) | 1.70 (1.18 to 2.45) | No significant interaction with age | |||
| 3–4 units* | 1.48 (1.11 to 1.98) | 2.10 (1.56 to 2.84) | 1.64 (1.27 to 2.11) | 1.27 (0.86 to 1.89) | ||||
| 5 or more* | 0.96 (0.69 to 1.33) | 2.18 (0.98 to 4.86) | 1.70 (1.01 to 2.88) | 1.33 (0.80 to 2.22) | ||||
| Snuff | – | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.14)† | 0.78 (0.45 to 1.37)† | 0.82 (0.58 to 1.17)† | 0.86 (0.65 to 1.14)† | No significant interaction with age | – | – |
| Never | ||||||||
| Previous | ||||||||
| Current | ||||||||
| Physical activity | – | – | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.24)† | 1.28 (1.13 to 1.45)† | 1.54 (1.31 to 1.82)† | 1.08 (0.91 to 1.29)† | 1.31 (1.14 to 1.50)† | 1.58 (1.32 to 1.89)† |
| Sedentary | ||||||||
| Light activity | ||||||||
| Moderate-to-vigorous activity | ||||||||
| Dietary variables (women n=2607, men n=2264) | ||||||||
| B (95%CI) | B (95%CI) | B (95%CI) | B (95%CI) | |||||
| Fruits and vegetables (g/day) | 26.77 (5.91 to 48.41) | – | No significant interaction with age | – | – | 22.38 (−6.49 to 51.26) | 43.59 (22.98 to 64.21) | 64.8 (34.89 to 94.7) |
| Saturated fat (g/day) | −0.18 (−0.98 to 0.63) | −0.74 (−1.75 to 0.25) | No significant interaction with age | – | – | No significant interaction with age | – | – |
| Sugar (g/day) | −0.77 (−2.29 to 0.75) | −1.03 (−3.15 to 1.07) | No significant interaction with age | – | – | No significant interaction with age | – | – |
All models are adjusted for age and individual-level socioeconomic status and accounted for area-level clustering. All effects are estimated per unit increase in ASES; OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; SD=standard deviation; B=regression coefficient; ref=reference category; proportional odds assumption was tested to see if the variable is nominal or ordinal.
Bold typeface indicates significance.
*Nominal mediator, using generalised additive mixed models with multinominal variance.
†Treated as an ordinal variable (therefore only one value).
ASES, area-level socioeconomic status.