Table 1.
Country's contextual characteristics.
| Country | Socioeconomic characteristics |
Health system characteristics |
Cervical cancer |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population 2019(a) | Rural pop 2019 (%)(a) | Income level(b) | Inequality-adjusted HDI 2019(c) | Predominant health system Type(d) | UHC index services capacity & access 2017(e) | Health expenditure per capita (US $) 2018(e) | Incidence 2020 (ASR per 100,000)(f) | Mortality 2020 (ASR per 100,000)(f) | Average annual percentage change (AAPC) mortality (ASR)—15 years(g) |
||
| Last year | AAPC (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| North America | |||||||||||
| Bermuda | 63,000 | 0.0 | High | N/A | SS | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Canada | 37,411,000 | 18.5 | High | Very high | NHI | 100 | 4995 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 2015 | −1.4 (−3.8, 1.1) |
| United States of America | 329,065,000 | 17.5 | High | Very high | OP | 100 | 10,624 | 6.2 | 2.1 | 2016 | −0.7b (−0.9, −0.5) |
| Central America | |||||||||||
| Belize | 390,000 | 54.1 | Upper-middle | Medium | NHI | 56 | 286 | 19.1 | 14.8 | 2016 | −0.7 (−3.7, 2.5) |
| Costa Rica | 5,048,000 | 19.7 | Upper-middle | Medium | NHI | 77 | 910 | 11.7 | 5.4 | 2014 | −3.4b (−5.2, −1.6) |
| El Salvador | 6,454,000 | 27.2 | Lower-middle | Low | SS | 79 | 289 | 13.1 | 7.4 | 2014 | −2.9b (−4.1, −1.7) |
| Guatemala | 17,581,000 | 48.6 | Upper-middle | Low | SS | 32 | 260 | 20.3 | 11.9 | 2016 | 2.0 (−0.2, 4.2) |
| Honduras | 9,746,000 | 41.5 | Lower-middle | Low | SS | 45 | 176 | 19.5 | 12.5 | N/A | N/A |
| Mexico | 127,576,000 | 20.3 | Upper-middle | Medium | SS | 80 | 520 | 12.6 | 5.7 | 2016 | −3.9b (−4.4, −3.3) |
| Nicaragua | 6,546,000 | 40.0 | Lower-middle | Low | SS | 73 | 174 | 21.3 | 12.6 | 2017 | −1.7b (−2.7, −0.7) |
| Panama | 4,246,000 | 31.8 | High | Medium | SS | 89 | 1132 | 14.0 | 7.5 | 2016 | −1.9b (−3.4, −0.4) |
| South America | |||||||||||
| Argentina | 44,781,000 | 8.1 | Upper-middle | High | SS | 89 | 1128 | 16.7 | 8.7 | 2016 | −0.2 (−1.1, 0.6) |
| Bolivia | 11,513,000 | 29.9 | Lower-middle | Low | SS | 82 | 224 | 36.6 | 18.0 | N/A | N/A |
| Brazil | 211,050,000 | 13.3 | Upper-middle | Medium | NHS | 99 | 848 | 12.7 | 6.3 | 2016 | −0.7b (−0.9, −0.6) |
| Chile | 18,952,000 | 12.0 | High | High | SS | 94 | 1456 | 11.1 | 5.2 | 2016 | −3.1b (−4.6, −1.6) |
| Colombia | 50,339,000 | 18.7 | Upper-middle | Medium | NHI | 85 | 513 | 14.9 | 7.4 | 2015 | −3.0b (−4.2, −1.8) |
| Ecuador | 17,374,000 | 35.4 | Upper-middle | Medium | SS | 86 | 516 | 16.0 | 8.2 | 2016 | 1.1b (0.2, 2.0) |
| Guyana | 783,000 | 73.7 | Upper-middle | Medium | NHI | 70 | 296 | 29.5 | 15.1 | N/A | N/A |
| Paraguay | 7,045,000 | 37.8 | Upper-middle | Medium | SS | 63 | 400 | 34.1 | 19.0 | 2016 | 2.2b (0.5, 4.0) |
| Peru | 32,510,000 | 22.2 | Upper-middle | Medium | SS | 81 | 369 | 22.2 | 11.5 | 2015 | 0.6 (−1.0, 2.3) |
| Suriname | 581,000 | 33.4 | Upper-middle | Low | NHI | 78 | 474 | 23.7 | 14.1 | 2014 | −1.1 (−3.8, 1.7) |
| Uruguay | 3,462,000 | 4.6 | High | High | NHI | 94 | 1590 | 11.7 | 5.6 | 2016 | −2.4b (−4.0, −0.9) |
| Venezuela | 28,516,000 | 13.5 | Upper-middle | Medium | SS | 75 | 257 | 22.2 | 12.5 | 2013 | −1.2b (−1.9, −0.5) |
| Caribbean | |||||||||||
| Antigua & Barbuda | 97,000 | 81.4 | High | N/A | NHI | 70 | 875 | NA | NA | N/A | N/A |
| Bahamas | 389,000 | 17.5 | High | N/A | NHI | 81 | 2013 | 14.9 | 10.6 | N/A | N/A |
| Barbados | 287,000 | 69.0 | High | Medium | NHS | 78 | 1165 | 15.2 | 9.0 | 2013a | −2.5b (−0.8, −3.3) |
| Cuba | 11,333,000 | 23.2 | Upper-middle | N/A | NHS | 100 | 987 | 13.9 | 6.9 | 2016 | −1.5b (−2.1, −1.0) |
| Dominica | 72,000 | 30.6 | Upper-middle | N/A | NHS | NA | 491 | NA | NA | N/A | N/A |
| Dominican Republic | 10,739,000 | 18.6 | Upper-middle | Medium | SS | 75 | 462 | 17.9 | 11.7 | 2013 | 0.4 (−2.1, 2.9) |
| Grenada | 112,000 | 61.6 | Upper-middle | N/A | NHS | 64 | 475 | NA | NA | N/A | N/A |
| Haiti | 11,263,000 | 43.7 | Low | Low | NHS | 30 | 64 | 11.6 | 9.0 | N/A | N/A |
| Jamaica | 2,948,000 | 43.4 | Upper-middle | Medium | NHI | 74 | 321 | 21.6 | 13.6 | N/A | N/A |
| Puerto Rico | 2,933,000 | 8.0 | High | N/A | SS | N/A | N/A | 8.0 | 2.8 | N/A | N/A |
| Saint Kitts & Nevis | 53,000 | 73.6 | High | N/A | NHS | N/A | 993 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Saint Lucia | 183,000 | 80.3 | Upper-middle | Medium | NHS | 59 | 465 | 16.6 | 11.0 | N/A | N/A |
| Saint Vincent & the Grenadines | 111,000 | 46.8 | Upper-middle | N/A | NHS | 59 | 329 | NA | NA | N/A | N/A |
| Trinidad & Tobago | 1,395,000 | 46.2 | High | N/A | NHS | 78 | 1123 | 19.8 | 11.9 | 2012 | −1.8 (−3.7, 0.1) |
IHDI: Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index, UHC: Universal Health Coverage, ASR: Age Standardized Rate, CI: Confidence Interval, NHS: health systems with unique payer, SS: health systems based on social security for workers and public health provision for the remaining population, NHI: national health insurance (individual) based on public funding but public and private providers, OP: predominantly out of pocket health services provision including private insurance. N/A: Non-Available.
Includes only the last 14 years.
Statistically significant.
Sources: (a) United Nations Populational10 Prospects 2019, (b) World Bank,12(c) United Nations, IHDI classification11: Very high (≥80), High (0.70–0.79), Medium (0.55–0.69), Low: <0.55, (d) Health system type,18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37(e) WHO 2019,13(f) IARC 2020,5(g) WHO cancer mortality database.38