. 2023 Nov 14;9(2):356–369. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.11.005

Table 2.

Relationship between complement factors and the MEST-C classification in the included studies

Complement Protein		Relationship Between Complement Activation and MEST-C Classification	Reference
		Associated with M1, E1 and C1-2 classes^a	Yang et al.,²² 2020
	C4	Higher levels in patients with M1, T1-2 and C1-2 classes^b	Bi et al.,²³ 2019
		Higher levels in patients with S1 and T1-2 classes^b	Pan et al.,²⁴ 2017
		Associated with M1 and T1-2 classes^a	Nam et al.,²⁵ 2020
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Segarra et al.,²⁶ 2018
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Sato et al.,¹⁶ 2019
		Associated with T1-2 class^a	Faria et al.,²⁷ 2020
		Associated with S1 and T1-2 classes^a	Vellaisamy et al.,²⁸ 2021
	C4d	Associated with M1 and S1 classes^a	Zhou et al.,²⁹ 2023
		Associated with T1-2 and C1-2 classes^a	Medrano et al.,³⁰ 2022
Lectin pathway		Higher levels in patients with M1, E1, T1-2, C1-2 classes^c	Wang et al.,¹¹ 2022
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Itami et al.,³¹ 2020
		Associated with T1-2 class^a	Yang et al.,³² 2022
		Associated with M1 class^a	Baek et al.,³³ 2018
		Positive correlation with C1-2 class^c	Wen et al.,³⁴ 2019
		Positive correlation with C1-2 class^b	Guo et al.,¹³ 2017
	MBL	MBL-rs1800450 AA genotype increased risk of ESKD in patients with E1 and T2^d	Ouyang et al.,³⁶ 2019
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Itami et al.,³¹ 2020
	MASP-1/3	Associated with C1-2 class^a	Itami et al.,³¹ 2020
	MASP-2	Associated with C1-2 class^a	Itami et al.,³¹ 2020
		Associated with M1, S1, T1-2, C1-2 classes^a	Park et al.,³⁷ 2020
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Mizerska-Wasiak et al.,¹⁷ 2021
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Lang et al.,¹⁸ 2021
		Intense staining (≥2+) associated with M1 class^a	Wu et al.,³⁸ 2021
Alternative pathway	C3	Associated with S1, C1-2 classes and with higher global MEST-C score^a	Xie et al.,¹⁴ 2023
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Itami et al.,³¹ 2020
		Intense staining (≥2+) associated with M1 and T1-2 classes^a	Nam et al.,²⁵ 2020
		Intense staining (>2+) associated with M1, S1, T1-2 and C1-2 classes^a	Wu et al.,³⁹ 2021
		Correlated with more severe MEST-C classes^a	Jullien et al.,¹⁵ 2018
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Pan et al.,²⁴ 2017
	Factor B	Associated with C1-2 class^a	Itami et al.,³¹ 2020
	Fragment Ba	Elevated in patients with T1-2 class^b	Juan et al.,⁴⁰ 2022
	Factor H	Positive correlation with C1-2 class^c	Wen et al.,³⁴ 2019
	FHR1	FHR3,1Δ genotype was not related to MEST-C classes^d	Jullien et al.,¹⁵ 2018
	FHR3	FHR3,1Δ genotype was not related to MEST-C classes^d	Jullien et al.,¹⁵ 2018
		Higher levels in E1 class; higher levels in patients with MEST-C score >4 than in those with score 1^b	Medjeral-Thomas et al.,⁴¹ 2017
	FHR5	Associated with E1 and S1 classes; levels significantly higher in patients with M1 class^a^,^b	Guo et al.,³⁵ 2021
		Associated with severe T1-2 and C1-2 classes^b	Zhu et al.,⁴² 2018
	Fragment C5a	Associated with C1-2 class^b	Juan et al.,⁴⁰ 2022
		Associated with C1-2 class^a	Itami et al.,³¹ 2020
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^a	Dumont et al.,¹⁹ 2020
Terminal pathway	C5b9 (MAC)	No relationship with MEST-C classes^b, ^c	Wen et al.,³⁴ 2019
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^c	Yu et al.,⁴³ 2022
		No relationship with MEST-C classes^b	Stefan et al.,⁴⁴ 2020
	IgA/C3 ratio	No relationship with MEST-C classes^b	Lang et al.,¹⁸ 2021
Other		Positive correlation with total MEST-C score^b	Karahisar Sirali and Buberci,⁴⁵ 2022
	C3/C4 ratio	Higher proportion of M1 and T1-2 classes were observed in the low group C3/C4 ratio (i.e., <3.5)^b	Pan et al.,¹² 2018
	CD46, CD55	No relationship with MEST-C classes^d	Coppo et al.,⁴⁶ 2019

C, extracapillary hypercellularity; E, endocapillary hypercellularity; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; FHR, factor H-related protein; IF/IHC, immunofluorescence/ immunohistochemistry; M, mesangial hypercellularity; MAC, membrane attack complex; MASP, MBL associated serine protease; MBL, mannan binding lectin; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; S, segmental glomerulosclerosis; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; T, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis.

IF/IHC

serum/plasma, turbidimetric/ELISA

urine, ELISA

PCR/SNP