Table 5.

Nephrological presentation identified in the setting of HLH

Nephrological presentation	Number of cases with presentation type out of total (prevalence rate)
Subnephrotic range proteinuria	19 (63%)
Acute kidney injury	19 (63%)
Hematuria	10 (33%)
Established chronic kidney disease	6 (20%)
Nephrotic range proteinuria without the full nephrotic syndrome	4 (13%)
Nephrotic syndrome	2 (7%)

HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Most patients (n = 23) exhibited more than 1 nephrological presentation.