| Pb–Sn mixed triple cation |
Bulky organic ligands inclusion |
Increase in spin orbit coupling (SOC) and out-of-plane photoinduced bulk polarization |
105
|
| 2D/3D Pb–Sn alloys |
Introduction of PEA+ (bulky organic cations) using solvent optimization |
Growth-oriented orientations and SOC modulation resulting in photoinduced bulk-polarization |
106
|
| Sn-based PSCs without HTL |
Use of natural antioxidant, i.e., uric acid (UA) |
Uric acid reduces oxidation and promotes carrier recombination |
114
|
| SnO2-based PSC |
Strong pulsed light for quick annealing & inclusion of di-iodomethane alkyl-halide (CH2I2) |
Enhanced surface characteristics of the perovskite layer |
115
|
| PSC with SnO2-quantum dots as ETL |
Creation of SnO2 quantum dots using low-temperature solution processing |
Better electron extraction and hole-blocking capabilities |
116
|
| SnO2-doped TiO2-based perovskite device |
Tin-doped TiO2 ETL material preparation using hydriodic acid (HI) |
Improved electron mobility and flaw suppression |
117
|
| PSC based on Cl-SnO2 and SnO2 as ETL |
Implementation of compact and ultra-thin SnOx coatings produced from SnCl4
|
Enhanced electron coupling, defect passivation, and energy level alignment |
118
|
| PSC based on Li:SnO2-ETL |
Addition of LiCl to SnO2 ETL using a straightforward low thermal procedure |
Increased conductivity of SnO2 enhancing charge transport and preventing charge recombination |
119
|
| SnO2-based PSC modified with glycine |
Addition of an amino-acid or glycine self-assembled film onto the SnO2-ETL |
Improved interaction between SnO2 and perovskite layer at the interface |
120
|
| ZSO nanoparticle-based PSCs |
Creation of ZSO nanoparticles for solar application |
Improved the stability of perovskite material |
122
|
| PSC with solution processed ZSO-film as ETL |
Use of solution processed ZSO-film |
Record-breaking efficiency |
123
|
| ZSO-based perovskite solar cell |
Creation of a single crystal of Zn2SnO4 using hydro-thermal synthesis |
Controlled particle size and shape of the ZSO single crystal |
125
|
| ZSO (ETL)-based PSCs treated with CBD |
Chemical bath deposition (CBD) approach to modify the surface of the ZSO layer |
Enhanced charge extraction at the ETL/perovskite interface and reduced trap-assisted recombination |
126
|
