Table 2.

Adjusted^a prevalence ratio for adherence to antihypertensive and statin medications, by beneficiary characteristics, Medicare Part D, 2017

Category	Antihypertensive medication adherence aPRb (95% CL)	Statin medication adherence aPRb (95% CL)	Antihypertensive and statin medication adherence (to both) aPRb (95% CL)
Sex, by age (years)
Female
65–74	referent	referent	referent
75–84	0.9997(0.9983, 1.001)	1.0052(1.0036, 1.0068)	1.001(0.9991, 1.0029)
≥85	0.9836(0.9818, 0.9853)	1.0037(1.0015, 1.006)	0.9903(0.9877, 0.9928)
Male
65–74	referent	referent	referent
75–84	0.9912(0.9896, 0.9928)	1.0046(1.0029, 1.0063)	0.9888(0.9868, 0.9908)
≥85	0.9537(0.9514, 0.9559)	0.9931(0.9904, 0.9958)	0.9529(0.9499, 0.956)
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	referent	referent	referent
Black	0.8974(0.8958, 0.8989)	0.8854(0.8834, 0.8873)	0.8659(0.8638, 0.868)
Asian/Pacific Islander	1.0002(0.9975, 1.0029)	0.985(0.9818, 0.9882)	0.9856(0.9821, 0.989)
American Indian/Alaska Native	0.8491(0.8406, 0.8577)	0.8724(0.8616, 0.8832)	0.8296(0.8181, 0.8412)
Hispanic	0.9488(0.947, 0.9506)	0.9235(0.9213, 0.9257)	0.9048(0.9025, 0.9071)
Other	0.9818(0.9766, 0.9869)	0.9714(0.9653, 0.9776)	0.9678(0.9612, 0.9744)
Unknown	1.0129(1.0086, 1.0173)	1.0058(1.0004, 1.0111)	1.0129(1.0071, 1.0187)
Income status
Standard	referent	referent	referent
LIS or Medicaid dual eligible	0.9656(0.9643, 0.9669)	0.9867(0.9851, 0.9882)	0.9781(0.9763, 0.9799)
Prescription medication plan type
FFS-PDP	referent	referent	referent
MA-PD	1.0156(1.0146, 1.0166)	1.0178(1.0167, 1.019)	1.0265(1.0252, 1.0278)
Urban/Rural Classification
Large central metro	referent	referent	referent
Micropolitan	0.9942(0.9926, 0.9958)	0.9985(0.9966, 1.0004)	0.9951(0.9929, 0.9972)
Rural	0.9930(0.9912, 0.9948)	0.9965(0.9943, 0.9987)	0.9947(0.9921, 0.9972)
Region
Northeast	referent	referent	referent
Midwest	0.9941(0.9926, 0.9955)	1.0063(1.0046, 1.0080)	0.9964(0.9945, 0.9984)
South	0.9535(0.9523, 0.9548)	0.9818(0.9803, 0.9833)	0.9450(0.9433, 0.9467)
West	0.9652(0.9637, 0.9667)	1.0021(1.0004, 1.0039)	0.9738(0.9718, 0.9758)
Territories	0.8566(0.8526, 0.8606)	0.7990(0.7945, 0.8035)	0.7744(0.7694, 0.7795)
Any fixed-dose combination use
No	referent	referent	referent
Yes	1.0070(1.0052, 1.0088)	1.0769(1.0752, 1.0785)	1.0005(0.9977, 1.0033)
Any mail order use
No	referent	referent	referent
Yes	1.0756(1.0743, 1.0769)	1.0611(1.0597, 1.0625)	1.0711(1.0695, 1.0727)
Continuity of care for medication management proxyc
1 prescriber	referent	referent	referent
2 prescribers	0.9325(0.9315, 0.9335)	0.9875(0.9861, 0.9889)	0.9236(0.9222, 0.9249)
≥3 prescribers	0.8600(0.8587, 0.8612)	1.0150(1.0117, 1.0183)	0.8372(0.8357, 0.8386)
Out of pocket cost (mean cost per 30-day supply)
Quartile 1 (Lowest)	referent	referent	referent
Quartile 2	0.9642(0.9630, 0.9655)	0.9905(0.9890, 0.9920)	0.9564(0.9546, 0.9581)
Quartile 3	0.9544(0.9530, 0.9558)	0.9779(0.9763, 0.9795)	0.9436(0.9418, 0.9455)
Quartile 4 (Highest)	0.9359(0.9345, 0.9373)	0.9267(0.9252, 0.9282)	0.8898(0.8880, 0.8916)

^aFully adjusted, where appropriate, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, income status, medication plan type, urban/rural classification, fixed-dose use (any), mail order user (any), and continuity of care,

^baPR-Adjusted prevalence ratio,

^cNumber of unique antihypertensive and/or statin medications prescribers in 2017 as a proxy for continuity of care for medication management.

Abbreviations: FFS-PDP = Medicare fee-for-service prescription medication plan; MA-PD = Medicare Advantage prescription medication plan; LIS = Low-income subsidy