Table 3.
Synopsis and distribution of Conioscypha species. The new species is indicated by black bold.
| Species | Conidiophores | Conidiogenous cells | Conidia | Hosts | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habitats | |||||
| Distribution | |||||
| Conioscyphaaquatica | – | – | Globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, 19–23 × 17–21 μm | Submerged wood | Luo et al. 2019 |
| Freshwater | |||||
| China | |||||
| C.bambusicola | Semi-macronematous to micronematous, mononematous | Percurrent, cuneiform, 1.6–8.0 × 2.3–4.8 μm | Ovoid or broadly obclavate, base truncate, apex apiculate, dark brown, 11–16 × 6–10 µm | Bamboo | Matsushima 1975 |
| Terrestrial | |||||
| Japan | |||||
| C.boutwelliae | Reduced to conidiogenous cells | Monoblastic, endogenous, 11.5–20.5 × 8–15 µm | Ellipsoidal, obovoid or subglobose, base truncate with a central pore of 1–1.5 μm diam, brown, pitted-wall, 10.5–21 × 8–13.5 µm | Soil | Crous et al. 2018 |
| Terrestrial | |||||
| Netherlands | |||||
| C.dimorpha | – | – | Macroconidia: oblong to cylindrical, apex round, base truncate, olivaceous to brown, 8–18 × 4–6.5 µm | Decayed leaves | Matsushima 1996 |
| Microconidia: subglobose to oblong, apex round, base truncate, pale brown, 2.0–3.0 × 2.0–2.5 µm | Terrestrial | ||||
| South Africa | |||||
| C.fabiformis | – | – | Oblong or round, slightly curved, olivaceous, black in mass, 10–16 × 4.5–6.6 µm | Decayed leaves | Matsushima 1993 |
| Terrestrial | |||||
| Peru | |||||
| C.gracilis | – | – | Ellipsoidal to flammiform, base truncate, slightly tapering towards apex, reddish brown, 8.5–9.5 × 5.5–7 µm, L/W 1.6:1 | Decayed wood | Zelski et al. 2015 |
| Terrestrial and Freshwater | |||||
| Denmark and Japan | |||||
| C.hoehnelii | Semi-macronematous to micronematous, mononematous | Cuneiform, cylindrical, often with a conspicuous cup-shaped, multi-collarette at the apex | Globose to subglobose or sometimes irregular, with a central pore in the inconspicuous scar at the base, brown to dark brown, 12–17 × 11–15 µm | Bark of Eucalyptus sp., leaf of Phormiumtenax and unidentified wood | Kirk 1984; Chen and Tzean 2000 |
| Terrestrial | |||||
| UK and China | |||||
| C.japonica | Micronematous to semi-macronematous, mononematous | Percurrent, with a multi-layered, cup-like, collarette at the apex, 4.0–17.6 × 3.2–3.8 µm | Obpyriform or subglobose, sometimes elongate, base truncate, broadly rounded at apex, smooth but with irregular pigments deposited at the periphery of the wall to give the appearance of roughness, with a pore at the point of attachment to the conidiogenous cell, entirely covered by a thin gelatinous sheath, dark brown, 9–14 × 4.5–10 µm | Scraping and hair of male dog and rotten herbaceous stem | Udagawa and Toyazaki 1983; Chen and Tzean 2000 |
| Terrestrial | |||||
| Japan and China | |||||
| C.lignicola | Micronematous to semi-macronematous, mononematous | Mostly cuneiform, doliiform, percurrent, often with a cup-shaped multi-collarette, up to 16.0 µm wide at the apex, 1.6–4.8 × 2.8–6.8 µm | Obovate or sometimes subglobose, truncate at the base, with reduced lumina, smooth but dark dots deposited at the periphery, at the base with a central pore, surrounded by a dark brown ring, 11–21.6 × 10.6–16.8 µm | Balsa wood and rotten leaf of Phyllostachyspubescens | Shearer and Motta 1973; Shearer 1973; Chen and Tzean 2000 |
| Freshwater and terrestrial | |||||
| USA and China | |||||
| C.minutispora | Reduced to conidiogenous cells | Cuneiform, percurrent, with a cup-like collarette, up to 4.0 µm wide at the apex, 7–10 × 4–5 µm | Ellipsoidal, obovoid or subglobose, apex rounded, base truncate with a central pore, dark brown, 6–9 × 5–6 µm | Submerged wood | Crous et al. 2014 |
| Freshwater | |||||
| Spain | |||||
| C.nakagirii | Micronematous to semi-macronematous, mononematous | Cuneiform, cylindrical, percurrent, with a cup-shaped multi-collarette, up to 50 µm wide at the apex, 7.5–15 × 5–7.5 µm | Turbinate to pyriform, rounded at apex, truncate with a basal pore | Submerged wood | Chuaseeharonnachai et al. 2017 |
| Freshwater | |||||
| Thailand | |||||
| C.peruviana | – | – | Ellipsoidal to allantoid or fabiform, containing lipid droplets, brown, 13.5–18 × 5–8.5 μm | Submerged wood | Zelski et al. 2015 |
| Freshwater | |||||
| Peru | |||||
| C.pleiomorpha | Micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cells | Monoblastic, cupulate, endogenous, multilayer-cupulate collarette after several percurrent, enteroblastic, tiny elongations, 9–12 × 13–16 μm, up to 14.0 μm | Ellipsoidal, obovoid or subglobose, base truncate with a central pore, brown, 13–18 × 12–14 μm | Dead wood | Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017 |
| Unknown habitat | |||||
| Spain | |||||
| C.submersa | Reduced to conidiogenous cells | – | Globose to subglobose or ovoid, pale brown, guttulate, when young, dark brown to black when mature, 17–19 × 15–17 μm | Submerged wood | Luo et al. 2019 |
| Freshwater | |||||
| China | |||||
| C.tenebrosa | Micronematous, mononematous, often reduced to conidiogenous cells | Phialidic, integrated, sessile or on short conidiophores, subcylindrical, percurrently proliferating, with cup-shaped multi-collarette | Globose to subglobose, obovoid, olivaceous, aseptate, broadly rounded at apex, base subtruncate, dark brown to black when mature, 18–25 × 14–20 μm | Submerged wood | Liu et al. 2019 |
| Freshwater | |||||
| China | |||||
| C.taiwaniana | Micronematous to semi-macronematous, mononematous | Cuneiform, percurrent, smooth, hyaline, with a multilayered cup-like collarette, up to 25.0 µm wide at the apex, 2.8–6.4 × 4.0–7.2 µm | Ovoid or broadly obclavate, truncate at the base, often tapering towards a point at the apex, olive brown to yellowish brown or dark brown, 14.1–20.0 × 6.4–8.0 µm | Decaying stem | Hyde et al. 2020 |
| Terrestrial | |||||
| China | |||||
| C.varia | – | – | Ovoid, flammiform, naviculiform, or subellipsoid, dark brown, 8.4–15 × 5.6–8.5 µm | Balsa wood | Shearer and Motta 1973; Shearer 1973 |
| Freshwater | |||||
| USA | |||||
| C.verrucosa | Macronematous, mononematous, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells | Monoblastic, integrated, terminal, globose to ellipsoidal, 5.5–13 × 5–11.5 μm | Globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal or obovoid, aseptate, verrucose, guttulate, dark olivaceous to with a central basal pore, dark olivaceous to dark brown, 12.5–23 × 10.5–20 μm | Submerged wood | Hyde et al. 2020 |
| Freshwater | |||||
| China | |||||
| C.yunnanensis | Reduced to conidiogenous cells | Monoblastic, phialidic, integrated, terminal, globose to subglobose, cup-shaped, percurrently proliferating to the same level, multi-collarette with outwardly curved edge, hyaline, smooth-walled | Globose, subglobose, smooth-walled, aseptate, rounded at apex, subtruncate at base, brown to dark brown, 18–26 × 17–22 µm | Submerged wood | This study |
| Freshwater | |||||
| China |