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| functional groups | wave number (cm–1) | assignment |
|---|---|---|
| ν(SiO), ν(O–Ni–O) | 470–800 | NiO and Ni–OH |
| ν(OH) | 3400 | asymmetric stretch vibration of OH of H2O and β-Ni(OH)2 phase |
| δ(OH) | 1650 | bending vibration of OH of H2O |
| ν(C–H) | 2300 | C–H stretching due to C impurities |
| ν(C–O) | 1460 | CO stretching vibration, due to carbon/carbonate impurities |
