Table 4.
Instrument structure and item count.
| Instrument | Items | Dimensions/factors (no. scoring items) | Scoring | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APZ | 158 | Oceanic Boundlessness, Dread of Ego Dissolution, Visionary Restructuralizationb | Dichotomous | Dittrich (1975) |
| OAV | 66 | Oceanic Boundlessness (27), Dread of Ego Dissolution (21), Visionary Restructuralization (18) | VAS | Bodmer (1989) |
| 5D-ASC | 94 | Oceanic Boundlessness (27), Dread of Ego Dissolution (21), Visionary Restructuralization (18), Auditory Alterations (16), Vigilance Reduction (12) | VAS | Dittrich (1999) |
| 5D-ASC, 11 subscales | 94 | Experience of unity (5), Spiritual Experience (3), Blissful State (3), Insightfulness (3), Disembodiment (3), Impaired Control and Cognition (7), Anxiety (6), Complex Imagery (3), Elementary Imagery (3), Audio-Visual Synesthesia (3), Changed Meaning of Percepts (3) | VAS | Studerus et al. (2010) |
| HRS, version 3.04a | 100 | Somaesthesia (15), Affect (18), Perception (16), Cognition (12), Volition (8), Intensity (5). | Likert (5 points) | Strassman et al. (1994) |
| SOCQ/MEQ43 | 100/43 | Internal Unity (6), External Unity (6), Transcendence of Time and Space (8), Ineffability and Paradoxicality (5), Sense of Sacredness (7), Noetic Quality (4), Deeply-Felt Positive Mood (7) | Likert (6 points) |
Pahnke (1969)
Richards (1975) |
| MEQ30 | 30 | Mystical (15), Positive Mood (6), Transcendence of Time and Space (6), Ineffability (3) | Likert (5 points) |
MacLean et al. (2012)
Barrett et al. (2015) |
| ARCI, LSD-scale | 14 | LSD Scale (14) | Dichotomous | Haertzen (1966) |
| M-Scale | 32 | Introvertive Factor (12), Extrovertive Factor (8), Interpretation Factor (12) | Likert (5 points) | Hood (1975) |
| EDI | 8 | Total Ego-Dissolution Inventory Score (8) | VAS | Nour et al. (2016) |
| CEQ | 26 | Fear (5), Grief (6), Physical Distress (5), Insanity (3), Isolation (3), Death (2), Paranoia (2) | Likert (6 points) | Barrett et al. (2016) |
| CADSS-1 | 28 | Subjective Items (23), Observer Items (5) | Likert (5 points) | Bremner et al. (1998) |
| NDE | 16 | Cognitive (4), Affective (4), Paranormal (4), Transcendental (4) | Likert (3 points) | Greyson (1983) |
| DEQ | 5 | Total Drug Effects Questionnaire Score (5) | VAS | Morean et al. (2013) |
| EBI | 6 | Total Emotional Breakthrough Score (6) | VAS | Roseman et al. (2019) |
| PSI | 48 | Delusory Thinking (8), Perceptual Distortions (9), Cognitive Disorganization (9), Anhedonia (7), Mania (6), Paranoia (8) | Likert (4 points) | Mason et al. (2008) |
| PIQ | 23 | Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights (14), Goals and adaptive Patterns Insights (9) | Likert (6 points) | Davis et al. (2021) |
| APEQ | 32 | Accepting Response (4), Relief (4), Pro-Acceptance Insights (4), Avoidant Response (4), Distress (4), Pro-Avoidance Insights (4), Introspection (4), Interaction (4) | VAS | Wolff et al. (2022) |
| PIS | 7 | Psychological Insight (7) | VAS | Peill et al. (2022) |
| ASEQ | 40 | Joy in Life (18), Relationship to the Sacred (15 items), Toxic Feelings (7) | Likert (5 points) | Harris and Gurel (2012) |
| MOS | 21 | Mysticism (21) | Likert (5 points) | Francis and Louden (2004) |
| SIMO | 9 | Mysticism (9) | Likert (5 points) | Francis and Louden (2004) |
a: Most recent version is available upon request from the authors; APEQ: The Acceptance/Avoidance-Promoting Experiences Questionnaire; APZ: Abnormer Psychischer Zustand; ARCI: Addiction Research Center Inventory; ASEQ: After the Spiritual Experience Questionnaire; b: data not found; CADSS: Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale; CEQ: Challenging Experiences Questionnaire; DEQ: Drug Effects Questionnaire; EBI: Emotional Breakthrough Inventory; EDI: Ego Dissolution Inventory; HRS: Hallucinogen Rating Scale; MEQ30: Mystical Experience Questionnaire 30 items; MOS: Mystical Orientation Scale; M-scale: Hood Mysticism Scale; NDE: Near-Death Experience Questionnaire; PIS: The Psychological Insight Scale; PIQ: Psychological Insight Questionnaire; PSI: Psychotomimetic States Inventory; SIMO: Short Index of Mystical Orientation; SOCQ: States of Consciousness Questionnaire; 5D-ASC: Five-Dimension Altered States of Conscious Questionnaire.