Table 1.
Characteristics of Parents and Their Linked Children Utilizing Clinics in the OCHIN Network, by Outcome (2010-2018).
| No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome 1 | Outcome 2 | Outcome 3 | Outcome 4 | ||
| Parent characteristics | N = 11 547 | N = 36 531 | N = 12 465 | N = 21 559 | |
| Age at child’s 1st visit, median (range) | 26 years (13-55) | 34 years (13-72) | 27 years (13-56) | 34 years (14-68) | |
| Female | 11 177 (96.8%) | 32 110 (87.9%) | 11 810 (94.7%) | 18 856 (87.5%) | |
| English language preferred | 8336 (72.2%) | 27 163 (74.4%) | 9036 (72.5%) | 15 323 (71.1%) | |
| Visits during study | |||||
| 1 | 634 (5.5%) | 2209 (6.0%) | 476 (3.8%) | 1071 (5.0%) | |
| 2-5 | 2287 (19.8%) | 7764 (21.3%) | 2224 (17.8%) | 3937 (18.3%) | |
| 6-10 | 1930 (16.7%) | 6978 (19.1%) | 2218 (17.8%) | 3813 (17.7%) | |
| 11+ | 6696 (58.0%) | 19 580 (53.6%) | 7547 (60.5%) | 12 738 (59.1%) | |
| Unresolved chronic conditions a | |||||
| 1 | 2660 (23.0%) | 5362 (14.7%) | 2687 (21.6%) | 2897 (13.4%) | |
| 2+ | 8887 (77.0%) | 31 169 (85.3%) | 9778 (78.4%) | 18 662 (86.6%) | |
| Flu vaccine during study | 6418 (55.6%) | 19 080 (52.2%) | 7281 (58.4%) | 11 883 (55.1%) | |
| Preventive care visit during study | 3685 (31.9%) | 13 555 (37.1%) | 4497 (36.1%) | 8652 (40.1%) | |
| Federal poverty level | |||||
| Always > 100% | 1282 (11.1%) | 4547 (12.4%) | 1267 (10.2%) | 2558 (11.9%) | |
| Above & below 100% | 3809 (33.0%) | 10 200 (27.9%) | 4243 (34.0%) | 6793 (31.5%) | |
| Always ≤ 100% | 5226 (45.3%) | 16 124 (44.1%) | 5594 (44.9%) | 9166 (42.5%) | |
| Not documented | 1230 (10.7%) | 5660 (15.5%) | 1361 (10.9%) | 3042 (14.1%) | |
| Number of children in study | |||||
| 1 | 5598 (48.5%) | 20 527 (56.2%) | 5576 (44.7%) | 9521 (44.2%) | |
| 2 | 3249 (28.1%) | 10 121 (27.7%) | 3761 (30.2%) | 6894 (32.0%) | |
| 3 | 1689 (14.6%) | 4050 (11.1%) | 1965 (15.8%) | 3419 (15.9%) | |
| 4 | 692 (6.0%) | 1319 (3.6%) | 804 (6.5%) | 1224 (5.7%) | |
| 5+ | 319 (2.8%) | 514 (1.4%) | 359 (2.9%) | 501 (2.3%) | |
| Child characteristics | |||||
| N = 14 040 | N = 56 474 | N = 15 296 | N = 29 681 | ||
| Age at child’s first visit, median (range) | 0 months (0-3) | 7 years (3-17) | 0 months (0-24) | 9 years (8-13) | |
| Female | 6830 (48.6%) | 28 263 (50.0%) | 7440 (48.6%) | 11 034 (49.1%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 4930 (35.1%) | 22 887 (40.5%) | 5503 (36.0%) | 8579 (38.2%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1579 (11.2%) | 7418 (13.1%) | 1806 (11.8%) | 2968 (13.2%) | |
| Non-Hispanic other | 528 (3.8%) | 2486 (4.4%) | 627 (4.1%) | 990 (4.4%) | |
| Hispanic | 6088 (43.4%) | 20 780 (36.8%) | 6540 (42.8%) | 8839 (39.4%) | |
| Unknown | 915 (6.5%) | 2903 (5.1%) | 820 (5.4%) | 1074 (4.8%) | |
| Visits during study | |||||
| 1 | 408 (2.9%) | 6945 (12.3%) | 1141 (7.5%) | 3048 (13.6%) | |
| 2-5 | 2769 (19.7%) | 20 458 (36.2%) | 3097 (20.2%) | 6819 (30.4%) | |
| 6-10 | 5734 (40.8%) | 13 676 (24.2%) | 4375 (28.6%) | 5483 (24.4%) | |
| 11+ | 5129 (36.5%) | 15 395 (27.3%) | 6683 (43.7%) | 7100 (31.6%) | |
| Last known insurance status | |||||
| Private | 781 (5.6%) | 5482 (9.7%) | 944 (6.2%) | 2173 (9.7%) | |
| Public | 12 724 (90.6%) | 47 404 (83.9%) | 13 642 (89.2%) | 19 027 (84.8%) | |
| Uninsured | 535 (3.8%) | 3588 (6.4%) | 710 (4.6%) | 1250 (5.6%) | |
| Unresolved chronic conditions a | |||||
| 0 | 11 310 (80.6%) | 53 524 (94.8%) | 12 083 (79.0%) | 11 349 (50.6%) | |
| 1 | 2330 (16.6%) | 2569 (4.5%) | 2747 (18.0%) | 6378 (28.4%) | |
| 2+ | 400 (2.8%) | 381 (0.7%) | 466 (3.0%) | 4723 (21.0%) | |
| Region b | |||||
| Northeast | 947 (6.7%) | 6034 (10.7%) | 1201 (7.9%) | 2623 (11.7%) | |
| South | 34 (0.2%) | 370 (0.7%) | 48 (0.3%) | 136 (0.6%) | |
| Midwest | 1703 (12.1%) | 6870 (12.2%) | 1849 (12.1%) | 2582 (11.5%) | |
| West | 11 356 (80.9%) | 43 200 (76.5%) | 12 198 (79.7%) | 17 109 (76.2%) | |
Parent characteristics are for the entire family observation period, defined as the earliest child encounter date through the last date plus the minimum of 3 years, child turning 18 years, or study end (2010-2018). Each child is linked to only 1 parent, but parents may be linked to multiple children.
Outcome 1: Rate of well-child checks in first 15 months of life. Child characteristics in the first 15 months of life for children established in the network by age 3 months. Data from 194 distinct clinics.
Outcome 2: Rate of well-child checks ages 3 to 17 years. Child characteristics for ages 3 to 17 years. Data from 280 distinct clinics.
Outcome 3: Childhood vaccination completeness by 2 years of age. Child characteristics in the first 24 months of life. Data from 227 distinct clinics.
Outcome 4: Childhood vaccinations completeness before age 18 years. Child characteristics for ages 8 to 13 years. Data from 274 distinct clinic.
See Appendix Table A1 for list of chronic conditions.
States include: Northeast (MA); South (FL, GA, NC, TX); Midwest (IN, MN, OH, WI); West (AK, CA, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WA).