Table 2.
Associations of past musical experience and current musical listening habits and skills with socio-emotional and neuropsychological measures in bvFTD.
| Past musical experience | Pitch discrimination | Familiar melody recognition | Music listening (hours/week) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Music listening habits and skills | ||||
| Pitch discrimination | 1.24 (0.27) ** | |||
| Familiar melody recognition | 5.82 (4.27) | 3.15 (3.25) | ||
| Music listening (hours/week) | 4.02 (1.55) * | 2.49 (1.11) | 0.33 (0.17) | |
| BMRQ | 3.53 (1.29). | 1.83 (1.35) | 0.51 (0.73) | 0.60 (0.35) |
| Demographic and clinical | ||||
| Education years | 0.96 (0.43). | 0.052 (0.47) | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.12) |
| MMSE score | 0.28 (0.78) | −0.18 (0.54) | −0.02 (0.08) | −0.15 (0.13) |
| Socio-emotional functioning | ||||
| CBI-R | −17.24 (5.22) * | −10.37 (4.64). | −0.33 (0.83) | −2.23 (1.33) |
| MIRI total | 4.97 (2.16) | 2.59 (1.81) | 0.24 (0.26) | 1.10 (0.34) * |
| MIRI empathetic concern | 2.19 (1.49) | 1.03 (1.21) | 0.08 (0.17) | 0.67 (0.21) * |
| MIRI perspective taking | 2.78 (1.09) * | 1.56 (0.87) | 0.16 (0.14) | 0.42 (0.22). |
| General cognitive functions | ||||
| General executive | ||||
| WASI block design (/71) | 0.61 (3.57) | 2.76 (1.77) | 0.14 (0.29) | 0.13 (0.60) |
| WASI matrices (/32) | −1.44 (1.30) | −1.01 (0.97) | 0.11 (0.13) | −0.24 (0.26) |
| Stroop colour naming (s) | −2.92 (4.18) | −2.90 (2.71) | −0.64 (0.75) | −0.66 (0.75) |
| Stroop word reading (s) | −2.18 (3.78) | −0.035 (0.98) | −0.15 (0.34) | −1.43 (0.93) |
| TMT-A (s) | −0.70 (4.53) | −2.11 (2.95) | −0.97 (0.64) | −1.02 (0.70) |
| TMT-B (s) | 23.12 (17.35) | 8.02 (9.83) | −2.95 (3.39) | 2.91 (2.77) |
| Working memory | ||||
| WMS-R digit span forward (max) | 0.47 (0.24). | 0.35 (0.14)* | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.09 (0.04) |
| WMS-R digit span reverse (max) | 0.14 (0.34) | 0.05 (0.23) | −0.0041 (0.029) | 0.028 (0.06) |
| Episodic memory | ||||
| RMT words (/50) | −0.37 (1.68) | 0.22 (1.23) | 0.22 (0.12) | 0.09 (0.32) |
| RMT faces (/50) | 1.32 (1.49) | 1.25 (1.04) | 0.17 (0.13) | 0.15 (0.29) |
| Camden PAL (/24) | 1.53 (1.62) | 1.02 (1.43) | 0.49 (0.10) * | 0.16 (0.42) |
| Language | ||||
| WASI vocabulary (/80) | 1.71 (3.13) | 0.96 (2.07) | 0.33 (0.28) | 0.60 (0.50) |
| Graded naming test (/30) | −1.32 (2.36) | −0.5039 (1.26) | −0.05 (0.17) | −0.18 (0.32) |
| BPVS (/150) | 9.20 (8.62) | 7.22 (3.70). | 1.13 (0.53). | 2.04 (0.91). |
| Letter fluency (F, 1 min) | −0.02 (1.16) | −0.34 (0.99) | 0.14 (0.28) | 0.04 (0.27) |
| Category fluency (animals, 1 min) | −0.87 (1.03) | −1.40 (0.69). | 0.38 (0.17). | −0.02 (0.24) |
| Visuoperceptual | ||||
| VOSP Object Decision (/20) | −0.01 (1.33) | −1.04 (0.83) | 0.30 (0.17) | −0.28 (0.26) |
The table shows correlations between past musical experience (score on the earlier life musical experience survey), current music listening habits and perceptual skills and general cognitive and behavioural measures within the bvFTD group. Analyses are adjusted for age, sex, years of formal education and measures of overall cognitive functioning (mini-mental state examination score) and general executive function (WASI block design score). Data are presented as β (SE). Significant correlations (p < 0.05) are in bold; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; BMRQ, Barcelona music reward questionnaire; BPVS, British picture vocabulary scale; CBI-R, Cambridge behavioural inventory—revised; MIRI, Modified interpersonal reactivity index; PAL, Paired associate learning test; RMT, Recognition memory test; s, seconds; TMT, Trail making test (scores based on maximum time achievable, 2.5 min on task A and 5 min on task B); VOSP, Visual object and spatial perception battery; WASI, Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence; and WMS, Wechsler memory scale.