Table 2.
Differences in cognitive function, brain fog, post-concussive symptoms, and depressive symptoms across groups.
| Characteristic | Healthy Controlsa | Symptomatic Mild TBIb | Moderate-to-severe TBIc | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 16 | n = 15 | n = 15 | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ANOVA p-value |
a vs b | a vs c | b vs c | |
| UFOV® | ||||||||||
| UFOV®1 - Speed of Processing | 17.00 | 0.00 | 30.29 | 48.95 | 47.87 | 54.06 | .130 | |||
| UFOV®2 - Divided Attention | 17.38 | 1.50 | 52.63 | 101.99 | 119.13 | 100.74 | .005 | .202 | .004 | .073 |
| UFOV®3 - Selective Attention I | 52.00 | 24.82 | 99.33 | 114.38 | 215.00 | 141.36 | <.001 | .117 | <.001 | .012 |
| UFOV®4 - Selective Attention II | 94.63 | 58.25 | 173.42 | 141.46 | 306.20 | 123.08 | <.001 | .091 | <.001 | .007 |
| Cogstate® | ||||||||||
| Detection | 99.67 | 4.08 | 89.29 | 13.15 | 91.60 | 9.17 | .010 | .011 | .057 | .783 |
| Identification | 102.81 | 5.12 | 95.8 | 11.16 | 92.53 | 9.86 | .009 | .089 | .008 | .585 |
| Learning | 101.69 | 7.66 | 95.13 | 12.26 | 98.40 | 8.52 | .179 | |||
| One Back | 95.25 | 6.76 | 94.07 | 10.61 | 87.13 | 6.12 | .016 | .913 | .020 | .058 |
| MCS | 38.56 | 21.39 | 63.20 | 29.43 | 73.40 | 32.96 | .004 | .014 | .004 | .587 |
| Mental Clarity | 17.81 | 10.31 | 31.73 | 15.89 | 32.73 | 19.23 | .016 | .008 | .027 | .983 |
| Cognitive Problems | 20.75 | 11.42 | 31.47 | 14.44 | 40.67 | 16.13 | .001 | .031 | .001 | .185 |
| PCSS | 19.94 | 15.66 | 30.67 | 22.54 | 38.60 | 22.84 | .049 | .133 | .039 | .545 |
| POMS-Dep | 14.06 | 6.14 | 14.27 | 5.40 | 16.67 | 7.37 | .459 | |||
Notes. MCS = Mental Clutter Scale; PCSS = Post Concussive Symptom Scale; POMS-Dep = Depression subscale from Profile of Mood States; UFOV® = Useful Field of View. Boldened variables indicate significant differences.