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. 2023 Dec 15;8(1):e283. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000283

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Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The Environmental Epidemiology. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 3. — Associations between weekly PM_2.5 during the pregnancy period and clinically elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms in preadolescence (ages 8–11). Results are shown overall (N = 517) and for males (N = 267) and females (N = 250) separately. Solid lines show the odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms per 5-μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5. Gray areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Models were adjusted for child’s age at assessment, child’s sex, maternal age, maternal SES, season of conception, and temperature.