Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | PH (n = 11) | ME (n = 11) | PH + ME (n = 13) | CO (n = 9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.81 (3.68) | 67.90 (3.75) | 67.76 (4.69) | 69.11 (4.93) |
| Education (years) | 3.45 (1.03) | 3.54 (1.29) | 2.76 (0.92) | 3.22 (1.20) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.46 (3.18) | 28.40 (6.35) | 31.16 (4.92) | 27.68 (4.50) |
| WHR (%) | 90.00 (5.60) | 80.54 (9.07) | 87.92 (5.26) | 79.00 (4.60) |
| RHR (bpm) | 68.36 (6.05) | 70.54 (8.81) | 70.46 (6.00) | 96.77 (7.51) |
| HRmax (bpm) | 126.81 (10.10) | - | 127.53 (9.17) | - |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 98.88 (6.28) | 99.64 (7.37) | 101.97 (10.91) | 101.31 (7.36) |
| MMSE | 23.18 (2.18) | 23.81 (2.04) | 23.30 (1.84) | 23.44 (2.06) |
| GDS-SF | 1.63 (1.02) | 1.72 (1.42) | 1.46 (1.05) | 2.00 (1.58) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CO, control group; GDS-SF, Global Deterioration Scale–Short Form; MAP, mean arterial pressure; ME, mental training; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PH, physical training; RHR, resting heart rate; WHR, waist hip ratio.