Table 2.
Neuropsychological Data of Patients With PD and PD-MCI at Baseline.
| Cognitive Functions | Tests Applied | PD | PD-MCI | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memory | CERAD (z scores) | |||
| Word list learning, mean (SD) | 0.27 (0.91) | −0.54 (1.17) | .003 | |
| Word list recall, mean (SD) | 0.16 (0.91) | −0.50 (1.12) | .015 | |
| Word list recognition, mean (SD) | 0.25 (0.73) | −0.49 (1.08) | .002 | |
| Executive functions | Modified card sorting test (t scores) | |||
| Categories, mean (SD) | 46.06 (8.22) | 32.68 (9.39) | <.001 | |
| Nonperseverative errors, mean (SD) | 45.03 (6.73) | 36.58 (7.28) | <.001 | |
| Perseverative errors, mean (SD) | 47.71 (5.29) | 41.52 (8.31) | .001 | |
| Verbal fluency tests (z scores) | ||||
| Animal, mean (SD) | 0.23 (0.87) | −0.37 (0.89) | .009 | |
| Words with S, mean (SD) | 0.79 (0.96) | 0.47 (1.08) | 2.25 | |
| Attention | Trail Making Test (z scores), mean (SD) | 0.19 (1.04) | −0.37 (1.15) | .059 |
| Stroop test (t scores) | ||||
| Words, mean (SD) | 55.31 (6.22) | 54.03 (7.35) | .468 | |
| Colors, mean (SD) | 55.55 (8.70) | 52.85 (8.48) | .223 | |
| Interference, mean (SD) | 58.93 (6.31) | 55.84 (7.56) | .090 | |
| Visuospatial function | LPS subtest 7 (t scores), mean (SD) | 58.77 (9.64) | 48.16 (11.81) | <.001 |
| LPS subtest 9 (t scores), mean (SD) | 60.20 (5.68) | 50.65 (8.57) | <.001 | |
| CERAD constructional praxis (z scores), mean (SD) | 0.05 (1.04) | 0.15 (1.00) | .207 | |
| Naming | Boston Naming Test (z scores), mean (SD) | 0.24 (0.78) | −0.06 (0.90) | .177 |
Abbreviations: CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease test battery; LPS, Leistungsprüfsystem, an intelligence test frequently used in German-speaking countries; PD, Parkinson disease; PD-MCI, Parkinson disease with mild cognitive impairment; SD, standard deviation.
aUnpaired 2-sided t test.
Bold values indicate significant differences of group.