Table 1.
Differences in Baseline Characteristics Between the Group With No Cognitive Impairment at Follow-Up and the Group Which Showed Cognitive Decline (MEC Score Lower Than 24).
| New Cognitive Decline (n = 25) | No Cognitive Impairment (n = 144) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | .51 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 8 (32) | 56 (38.9%) | |
| Female, n (%) | 17 (68) | 88 (61.1%) | |
| Marital status | .23 | ||
| Married, n (%) | 12 (48) | 66 (45.8) | |
| Single, n (%) | 3 (12) | 6 (4.2) | |
| Widowed, n (%) | 10 (72) | 72 (50) | |
| Education | .21 | ||
| None or only primary, n (%) | 22 (88) | 108 (75) | |
| Secondary or university level, n (%) | 3 (12) | 36 (25) | |
| Living alone | 8 (32) | 46 (31.9) | .99 |
| Barthel Index, mean ± SD | 84.6 ± 19 | 94.3 ± 10 | .02 |
| MEC, mean ± SD | 28.8 ± 3.1 | 30.5 ± 3 | .01 |
| MNA, mean ± SD | 23.3 ± 3.4 | 26.1 ± 2.8 | .001 |
| Gijon questionnaire, mean ± SD | 9.6 ± 3.1 | 9.1 ± 2.3 | .45 |
| Falls, mean number ± SD | 0.9 ± 1 | 0.3 ± 1 | .01 |
| Charlson score, mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 1 | 1 ± 3 | .91 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 19 (76) | 112 (77.8) | .84 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 7 (28) | 19 (13.2) | .05 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 15 (60) | 72 (50) | .35 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 2 (8) | 20 (13.8) | .80 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 3 (12) | 21 (14.6) | .73 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 1 (4) | 16 (11.1) | .46 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 4 (16) | 12 (8.3) | .22 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 1 (4) | 8 (5.6) | .74 |
| Number of drugs taken, mean ± SD | 7.1 ± 2.5 | 5.3 ± 3 | .004 |
| EuroQol-5D/EQ-VAS, mean ± SD | 60.6 ± 17 | 67.5 ± 19 | .07 |
| Serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL), mean ± SD | 24.8 ± 16 | 25.9 ± 13 | .77 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 207.9 ± 39 | 193.8 ± 35 | .07 |
| Thyrotropin (mU/L), mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 1 | 2.8 ± 3 | .55 |
| Folic acid (nmol/L), mean ± SD | 23 ± 9 | 22 ± 9 | .88 |
| B12 (pmol/L), mean ± SD | 338 ± 265 | 328 ± 186 | .82 |
Abbreviations: MEC, Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; EuroQol-5D/EQ-VAS, measure of quality of life with a visual analogue scale; SD, standard deviation; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D.