Table 2.
Differences in Baseline Characteristics Between the Combined Criteria Group (MEC <24 or a Drop of More Than 4 Points in MEC Score Over the Follow-Up Period) and the Group With No Cognitive Impairment at Follow-Up.
| New Cognitive Decline (n = 59) | No Cognitive Impairment (n = 110) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | .43 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 20 (33.9) | 44 (40) | |
| Female, n (%) | 39 (66.1) | 66 (60) | |
| Marital status | .99 | ||
| Married, n (%) | 27 (45.8) | 51 (46.4) | |
| Single, n (%) | 3 (5.1) | 6 (5.5) | |
| Widowed, n (%) | 29 (49.2) | 53 (48.2) | |
| Education | .03 | ||
| None or only primary, n (%) | 51 (86.4) | 79 (71.8) | |
| Secondary or university level, n (%) | 8 (13.6) | 31 (28.2) | |
| Living alone, n (%) | 21 (35.6) | 33 (30) | .45 |
| Barthel Index, mean ± SD | 89.2 ± 16 | 94.9 ± 10 | .006 |
| MEC, mean ± SD | 29.4 ± 3.2 | 30.7 ± 2.9 | .01 |
| MNA, mean ± SD | 25.2 ± 3.6 | 26 ± 2.7 | .16 |
| Gijon questionnaire, mean ± SD | 9.4 ± 2.5 | 9.1 ± 2.4 | .54 |
| Falls, mean number ± SD | 0.6 ± 1.6 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | .03 |
| Charlson score, mean ± SD | 1.07 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | .84 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 46 (78) | 85 (77.3) | .91 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (23.7) | 12 (10.9) | .03 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 31 (52.5) | 56 (50.9) | .82 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 7 (11.9) | 15 (13.6) | .74 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 7 (11.9) | 17 (15.5) | .52 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 7 (11.9) | 10 (9.1) | .56 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 9 (15.3) | 7 (6.4) | .06 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 3 (5.1) | 6 (5.5) | .91 |
| Number of drugs taken, mean ± SD | 5.9 ± 2.9 | 5.5 ± 3 | .21 |
| EuroQol-5D/EQ-VAS, mean ± SD | 64.1 ± 19 | 67.8 ± 19 | .21 |
| Serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL), mean ± SD | 24.9 ± 14 | 26.2 ± 13 | .57 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 200.1 ± 36 | 193.7 ± 35 | .26 |
| Thyrotropin (mU/L), mean ± SD | 3.1 ± 4 | 2.6 ± 2 | .33 |
| Folic acid (nmol/L). mean ± SD | 23.3 ± 9 | 22 ± 10 | .56 |
| Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) mean ± SD | 328 ± 208 | 331 ± 195 | .92 |
Abbreviations: MEC, Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; EuroQol-5D/EQ-VAS, measure of quality of life with a visual analogue scale; SD, standard deviation; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D.