Table 1.
Characteristics of Individuals Affected by Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Controls.a
| AMD | Controls | P Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 51 | N = 24 | ||||||
| Mean | SD | % | Mean | SD | % | ||
| Age, years | 73.7 | 7.2 | 71.7 | 6.2 | .24 | ||
| Sex, women | 53 | 83 | .01 | ||||
| Education, years | 8.4 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 2.8 | .69 | ||
| Civil status | |||||||
| Widow | 18 | 17 | .94 | ||||
| Married | 76 | 79 | .94 | ||||
| Single status | 6 | 4 | .94 | ||||
| Cigarette smoking | 57 | 25 | .03 | ||||
| Comorbidityb | 2.9 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.5 | .07 | ||
| Alcohol (at meals) | 47 | 29 | .11 | ||||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 57 | 58 | .55 | ||||
| Hypertension | 53 | 54 | .56 | ||||
| Diabetes | 12 | 8 | .49 | ||||
| Cardiopathies | 31 | 12 | .07 | ||||
| Nervous system’s disease | 14 | 12.5 | .59 | ||||
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 18 | 17 | .59 | ||||
| Genitourinary diseases | 14 | 8 | .40 | ||||
| Immunitary diseases | 8 | 4 | .48 | ||||
| Respiratory diseases | 6 | 4 | .61 | ||||
| Locomotory diseases | 8 | 8 | .63 | ||||
| Depressive symptoms (GDS)c | 2.3 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .85 | ||
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; NS, nonsignificant; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale.
a Comparison between groups about education, comorbidity, and depressive symptoms was analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods. The presence of each pathology was defined as self-reported use of specific medications.
b Comorbidity: number of diseases.
c GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale (15 items).