Table 1.

Descriptive Characteristics of Included Studies.

Author	Study Design	Number of Patients	Settings	FTD	Driving	Notes	FTD
de Simone, 2007	Case control	15 patients with FTD (10 male, 5 female), 15 controls	Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD	Disease duration 4.2 years	67% cases still driving Driving simulation: 60% of cases had collisions, 47% off-road accidents, and 33% ran stop signs (P = .003); speeding tickets	Speed variability and number of billboards recalled after simulation correctly classified 90% of patients	Behavioral changes (aggressive, agitated) lead to inappropriate driving
Zuin et al, 2002	Case control	56 with dementia (17 male, 39 female)—2 patients with FTD 31 controls—(19 male and 12 female)	Neuropsych. Research Program, Pittsburgh, PA	Neurological examination, psychiatric evaluation	Interview regarding motor vehicle crashes and abnormal driving behaviors 20% with dementia exhibited abnormal driving behaviors, 11% reported motor vehicle crashes, 6% reported multiple motor vehicle crashes	Results did not differentiate between patients with FTD and AD	N/A
Miller et al, 1997	Case study—patients with AD and FTD	22 patients with FTD (11 male and 11 female), 22 people with AD (14 female, 8 male)	Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance, CA	MMSE, previous neuropsych. tests, neuroimaging with MRI and SPECT	Of the 22 patients with FTD, 10 presented history of socially disrupted behavior Of the 22 patients with AD, 1 presented this history	Hit and run accidents were problematic with FTD not AD	Antisocial
Frisoni et al, 1995	Case control	19 with FTD, 11 patients with FTD having complete data, 16 with AD, 7 Controls	Alzheimer’s Disease Unit, University of Padua, Italy	CT scan, SPET scan, neuropsych. testing	Proxy (family) report of cases indicated impulsivity when driving occurred in FTD	FTD drivers have poor impulse control, causing minor accidents and distracted driving	Impulse control

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; FTD, frontotemporal dementia.