. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023 Apr 16;65(1):100–111. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13807

Table 2.

Stimulant or non-stimulant therapy for ADHD (N = 150,395)

	Full sample	Stimulant therapy only
	% (n)	% (n)
Stimulant therapy onset for ADHD at age 9 or younger
6 years or more duration	1.5 (1915)	18.4 (1915)
3–5 years duration	0.5 (678)	6.3 (678)
2 years duration	0.3 (361)	3.5 (361)
1 year duration	0.2 (228)	2.1 (228)
Less than 1 year duration	0.5 (658)	6.3 (658)
Stimulant therapy onset for ADHD at ages 10–14
6 years or more duration	0.6 (719)	6.9 (719)
3–5 years duration	1.0 (1305)	12.0 (1305)
2 years duration	0.5 (697)	6.2 (697)
1 year duration	0.3 (340)	3.2 (340)
Less than 1 year duration	0.7 (890)	8.5 (890)
Stimulant therapy onset for ADHD at age 15 or older
2 years or more duration	0.7 (962)	8.9 (962)
1 year duration	0.3 (458)	4.3 (458)
Less than 1 year duration	1.1 (1455)	13.3 (1455)
Non-stimulant therapy for ADHD only	3.3 (4409)
Population controls (non-ADHD and unmedicated ADHD)	88.6 (117,089)

Note: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.