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. 2024 Feb 8;14:2652. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52487-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A 16-channel visualization of raw iEEG data recorded by the BIC unit for representative subjects (a) P1, (b) P2, and (c) P3. The removed noisy channel is marked with a blue arrow, and SOZ channels are marked using red arrows. (d) Raw data visualization for a 12-s segment of P1 (BIC and NK systems), (e) P2 (BIC and NQ systems), and (f) P3 (BIC and NQ systems), along with a 2-s zoomed signal for each group. The correlation coefficient of the visualized segments was 0.87, 0.79, and 0.92 for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. (g) BIC unit PL for the corresponding 12-s segment for P1, (h) P2, and (i) P3. The red dashed line indicates a 5% PL level. (j) Time–Frequency map for the selected 12-s window for P1, (k) P2, and (l) P3. (m) Power spectral density of the recordings. BIC system PSD reached − 17 dB, while the NK system reached − 32 dB at 500 Hz for P1. For P2 recording (BIC vs. NQ), the PSD for the BIC reached − 17 dB and − 26 dB for the NQ system at 500 Hz. We observed similar performance as P2 (− 17 dB for BIC and − 26 dB for NQ at 500 Hz) for the P3. (n) The noise floor of each system was estimated with the shorted input test. The overall noise RMS values, along with the low and high band RMS values, are reported for each band (e.g., the BIC system's noise floor below 80 Hz is 3.00 µV).