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. 2024 Feb 8;14:2652. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52487-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spike detection results over the prolonged iEEG recording. The y-axis shows the channel numbers (Bipolar derivation), and the x-axis indicates the recording interval. (a) P1 spike results showed a 95.68% similarity between BIC and NK systems. (b) P2 results indicated a 98.13% similarity between BIC and NQ systems. (c) P3 results showed 95.64% similarity between BIC and NQ systems. Clinically reported SOZ channels are marked using red arrows. (d) Comparison of the overall number of detected spikes per minute with the BIC unit and clinical systems for each subject in all the recording segments. Statistical analysis results indicated no significant difference between the performance of BIC vs. NK and BIC vs. NQ in spike detection. The degree of similarity between the spike rate of the systems over the active segments in the prolonged recording is displayed as the angle on the right of each panel, showing 23° ± 12°, 15° ± 7° and 14° ± 10° angles between the systems in P1, P2, and P3 respectively. (e) The mean PL level for the BIC system for each subject is shown in the top three panels. The red dashed lines indicate a 5% PL level. Each point corresponds to averaged PL over a 10-s window. We observed 0.42% PL in P1, 1.61% in P2, and 0.86% in P3 recording. Time points when the transmission channel changed during the recordings are marked with blue circles in each plot. No switching happened during P1 recording; P2 and P3 had 10 and 7 transmission channel switches within 24 h of recording, respectively. A majority of the channel switches were observed during peak hours in the patients' rooms. Specifically in the early afternoon and early evening. (f) Shows the transmission channel switching process. The PL level dropped from 7.14 to 0.7% by changing the channel. (g) Statistical comparison of the PL rate before and after the transmission channel switch. A significant difference was observed between the results for P2 and P3, with p-values of 0.035 and 0.0015, respectively.