Table 3.

Evaluation of the quality of the studies analysed and the assessment of the risk of bias using JBI critical appraisal checklist for cohort studies

	Bayne 2021 [25]	Terrell 2009 [26]	Crews 2014 [27]	Banerjee 2017 [28]	Banerjee 2019 [28]
Were the two groups similar and recruited from the same population?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were the exposures measured similar to assign people to both exposed and unexposed groups?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were confounding factors identified?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were the groups/participants free of the outcome at the start of the study (or at the moment of exposure)?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the follow-up time reported and sufficient to be long enough for outcomes to occur?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was follow-up complete, and if not, were the reasons to loss to follow-up described and explored?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were strategies to address incomplete follow-up utilized?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes