Table 1.
Sensitivity and specificity of amyloid β and tau in cerebral amyloid angiopathy studies.
| Study | Comparisons | Biomarker | Direction of change | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbeek et al. (2009) | CAA (n = 17) and Control (n = 58) | CSF Aβ40 | Lower in CAA | 87.5% | 47.1% | 0.76 |
| CSF Aβ42 | Lower in CAA | 86.2% | 94.1% | 0.96 | ||
| CSF t-tau | Higher in CAA | 96.5% | 52.9% | 0.73 | ||
| CSF p-tau181 | Higher in CAA | 77.6% | 58.8% | 0.67 | ||
| CAA (n = 17) and AD (n = 72) | CSF Aβ40 | Lower in CAA | 88.2% | 59.7% | 0.74 | |
| CSF Aβ42 | Lower in CAA | 58.8% | 86.1% | 0.68 | ||
| CSF t-tau | Lower in CAA | 76.5% | 76.4% | 0.8 | ||
| CSF p-tau181 | Lower in CAA | 88.2% | 56.5% | 0.79 | ||
| Grangeon et al. (2022a) | CAA (n = 63) and Control (n = 21) | CSF Aβ40 | Lower in CAAa | 50.6% | 87.4% | 0.69 |
| CSF Aβ42 | Lower in CAAa | 65.5% | 92.4% | 0.79 | ||
| CSF t-tau | Higher in CAAa | 43.1% | 77.1% | 0.6 | ||
| CSF p-tau181 | Higher in CAAa | 43.5% | 76% | 0.56 | ||
| CAA (n = 63) and AD (n = 27) | CSF Aβ40 | Lower in CAA | 59.8% | 84.7% | 0.72 | |
| CSF Aβ42 | Comparable | 48.7% | 75.8% | 0.62 | ||
| CSF t-tau | Lower in CAA | 53.3% | 82.1% | 0.67 | ||
| CSF p-tau181 | Lower in CAA | 55.6% | 82.5% | 0.69 | ||
| De Kort et al. (2023b) | Presymptomatic D-CAA (n = 10) and Control (n = 26) | CSF Aβ38 | Lower in D-CAA | 100% | 100% | 1 |
| CSF Aβ40 | Lower in D-CAA | 100% | 100% | 1 | ||
| CSF Aβ42 | Lower in D-CAA | 100% | 100% | 1 | ||
| CSF Aβ43 | Lower in D-CAA | 100% | 100% | 1 | ||
| symptomatic D-CAA (n = 12) and Control (n = 28) | CSF Aβ38 | Lower in D-CAA | 100% | 100% | 1 | |
| CSF Aβ40 | Lower in D-CAA | 100% | 100% | 1 | ||
| CSF Aβ42 | Lower in D-CAA | 100% | 100% | 1 | ||
| CSF Aβ43 | Lower in D-CAA | 100% | 100% | 1 | ||
| Noguchi-Shinohara et al. (2017) | AD+CAA-related microbleed (n = 34) and AD without microbleeds (n = 54) | CSF Aβ40 | Lower in CAA- related microbleed | 71.4% | 92.9% | – |
| CSF Aβ42 | Lower in CAA- related microbleed | 80% | 64.8% | – | ||
| CSF t-tau | Lower in CAA- related microbleed | 78.6% | 60% | – | ||
| CSF p-tau181 | Lower in CAA- related microbleed | 86.7% | 61.1% | – | ||
| Sembill et al. (2023) | CAA (n = 67) and AD (n = 76) | CSF Aβ40 | Lower in CAA | – | – | 0.76 |
| CSF Aβ42 | Comparable | – | – | 0.75 | ||
| CAA (n = 67) and Control (n = 78) | CSF Aβ40 | Lower in CAA | – | – | 0.96 | |
| CSF Aβ42 | Lower in CAA | – | – | 0.95 | ||
| De Kort et al. (2023a) | Presymptomatic D-CAA (n = 11) and Control (n = 16) | Plasma Aβ38 | Lower in D-CAA | – | – | 0.87 |
| Plasma Aβ40 | Lower in D-CAA | – | – | 0.77 | ||
| Plasma Aβ42 | Lower in D-CAA | – | – | 0.89 | ||
| Symptomatic D-CAA (n = 24) and Control (n = 24) | Plasma Aβ38 | Lower in D-CAA | – | – | 0.86 | |
| Plasma Aβ40 | Lower in D-CAA | – | – | 0.73 | ||
| Plasma Aβ42 | Lower in D-CAA | – | – | 0.85 |
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; D-CAA, Dutch type cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
a
In this study, about half the patients had CSF profiles similar to AD (low Aβ42, high tau levels), a third had isolated decrease in CSF Aβ42, and the rest had normal Aβ42 profiles.