TABLE 1.
Comparisons of demographic, clinical, and laboratory data between patients with AKI stages 1A and 1B
| Stage 1A N = 2064 | Stage 1B N = 2590 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 58.0 (50.0, 67.0) | 64.0 (56.0, 73.0) | < 0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 1509 (73.1) | 1683 (65.0) | < 0.001 |
| Black | 219 (10.6) | 496 (19.2) | — |
| Other | 336 (16.3) | 411 (15.8) | — |
| Sex, n (%) male | 1,117 (54.1) | 1,743 (67.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital Type, n (%) | |||
| Rural | 418 (20.3) | 620 (24.0) | 0.01 |
| Urban, nonteaching | 322 (15.6) | 379 (14.6) | — |
| Urban, teaching | 1324 (64.1) | 1591 (61.4) | — |
| Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | |||
| Hepatitis C | 369 (17.9) | 450 (17.4) | 0.68 |
| Alcohol | 629 (30.5) | 503 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
| NASH | 702 (34.0) | 1,226 (47.3) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 107 (5.1) | 139 (5.3) | 0.83 |
| Unknown etiology | 257 (12.5) | 272 (10.5) | 0.04 |
| HCC, n (%) | 58 (2.8) | 81 (3.1) | 0.59 |
| Ascites, n (%) | 1,229 (59.5) | 1,719 (66.3) | < 0.001 |
| HE, n (%) | 524 (25.4) | 660 (25.5) | 0.97 |
| Esophageal variceal hemorrhage, n (%) | 120 (5.8) | 75 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (excl. liver) | 2 (1,4) | 3 (2, 6) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) kg/m2 | 27.1 (23.1, 32.3) | 28.0 (24.1, 33.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1,026 (49.7) | 1,362 (53.6) | 0.06 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1,047 (50.7) | 1,803 (69.6) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 180 (8.7) | 1,551 (59.9) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline creatinine, median (IQR) mg/dL | 0.74 (0.60, 0.90) | 1.66 (1.20, 1.97) | < 0.001 |
| MAP at the time of AKI diagnosis, median (IQR) | 82.3 (73.0, 93.3) | 80.0 (72.0, 92.0) | 0.001 |
| Laboratory at the time of AKI, median (IQR) | |||
| White blood cell count, 109 | 9.0 (5.9, 13.2) | 8.4 (5.9, 12.3) | 0.06 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 134.0 (128.0, 139.0) | 135.0 (128.0, 139.0) | 0.25 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.10 (0.94, 1.30) | 2.20 (1.72, 3.34) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 2.7 (2.2, 3.2) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) | 0.21 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 2.0 (1.0, 4.8) | 1.4 (0.7, 3.1) | < 0.001 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.8) | 0.83 |
| MELD-Na at time of AKI, median (IQR) | 18 (11, 24) | 25 (20, 29) | < 0.001 |
| SBP infection, n (%) | 70 (3.4) | 104 (4.0) | 0.30 |
| Non-SBP infection, n (%) | 548 (26.6) | 797 (30.8) | 0.002 |
| Hospital-acquired AKI, n (%) | 1,221(59.1) | 1,938 (74.8) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; IQR, interquartile range; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MELD-Na, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Sodium; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.