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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Bipolar Disord. 2023 Aug 9;26(2):176–185. doi: 10.1111/bdi.13376

Table 1.

Rates of Sleep Problems by Latent Class

Sleep Item Good Sleep (n=71) WASO Problems (n=39) Bedtime Problems (n=63) Poor Sleep (n=45)
Trouble falling asleep (ECI) 21% 16% 90% 100%
Resists going to bed (CBCL) 18% 33% 71% 84%
Trouble getting to sleep (CBCL) 4% 0% 63% 86%
Crawls into parents’ bed (ECI) 44% 95% 59% 100%
Doesn’t want to sleep alone (CBCL) 15% 74% 54% 100%
Wets bed at night (ECI) 14% 52% 49% 46%
Wakes up crying in middle of night (ECI) 12% 56% 40% 83%
Talks or cries out in sleep (CBCL) 9% 44% 31% 51%
Wakes up much earlier than usual (ECI) 20% 28% 44% 66%
Overtired (CBCL) 2% 0% 26% 29%
Nightmares (CBCL) 3% 31% 22% 59%
Sleeps less than most children (CBCL) 0% 4% 20% 28%
Low energy/tired for no reason (ECI) 5% 0% 14% 11%
Wakes often at night (CBCL) 2% 41% 12% 95%
Change in normal sleeping habits (ECI) 2% 0% 10% 35%