Table 4.

Features used to train FlashNet

List of gridded features
CAPE index (convective available potential energy)
cp—convective precipitation
tcw—total cloud water
tp—total precipitation
mslp—mean sea level pressure
hcc—high cloud cover
sp—surface pressure
w925—vertical velocity at 925 hPa
w850—vertical velocity at 850 hPa

List of derived gridded features
capetp—product between CAPE and tp
Δt1—temperature difference between 925 and 850 hPa
Δt2—temperature difference between 850 and 700 hPa
Δt3—temperature difference between 700 and 600 hPa
Δt4—temperature difference between 600 and 500 hPa
Δt5—temperature difference between 500 and 400 hPa
Δt6—temperature difference between 400 and 300 hPa
Δq1—specific humidity difference between 925 and 850 hPa
Δq2—specific humidity difference between 850 and 700 hPa
Δq3—specific humidity difference between 700 and 600 hPa
Δq4—specific humidity difference between 600 and 500 hPa
Δq5—specific humidity difference between 500 and 400 hPa
Δq6—specific humidity difference between 400 and 300 hPa
Δθ1—potential temperature difference between 925 and 850 hPa
Δθ2—potential temperature difference between 850 and 700 hPa
Δθ3—potential temperature difference between 700 and 600 hPa
Δθ4—potential temperature difference between 600 and 500 hPa
Δθ5—potential temperature difference between 500 and 400 hPa
Δθ6—potential temperature difference between 400 and 300 hPa

List of gridded features corresponding to vertical profiles
q—specific humidity
gh—geopotential height
t—temperature
u—wind speed eastward component
v—wind speed northward component

List of derived features from vertical profiles
uq—eastward component of the q-vector
vq—northward component of the q-vector
θ—potential temperature
gradθ—vertical gradient of potential temperature
pv—potential vorticity

Other features
$\cos \left(2\pi H/24\right)$ —H being the hour of the day
$\sin \left(2\pi H/24\right)$ —H being the hour of the day
$\cos \left(2\pi m/12\right)$ —m being the month of the year
$\sin \left(2\pi m/12\right)$ —m being the month of the year
lat—latitude
lon—longitude
z—surface geopotential

For all gridded features, we also calculated the mean, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation over a region of 11 × 11 grid points around the reference HRES’grid point. The features extracted in the form of vertical profiles refer to the pressure levels 925, 850, 700, 600, 500, 400, and 300 hPa.