Fig. 1. The reversibility of SiMPs anodes covered with silicon-phobic Li₂O-LiF rich SEI or silicon-philic organic-rich SEI during lithiation/de-lithiation cycles.

a Schematic illustration of SiMPs electrodes cycled in conventional carbonate electrolytes that form silicon-philic organic-inorganic SEI with strong bonding to Si. b Schematic illustration of SiMPs electrodes cycled in the designed electrolytes that form silicon-phobic Li₂O-LiF SEI with weak bonding to Si.