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. 2024 Feb 8;15:1206. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45374-0

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

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Fig. 4 — a Work of separation for LiF|Li_xSi, Li₂O|Li_xSi, and Li₂CO₃|Li_xSi interfaces. b–d Electron localized function and E_int between the Li_xSi (Li₁₅Si₄, Li₁₂Si₇, and LiSi) alloys and major SEI components (LiF, Li₂O and Li₂CO₃) with the scale bar (from 0.0 to 1.0) shown on the left. b LiF. c Li₂O. d Li₂CO₃. e The normalized concentration profile of interstitial Li⁺ and mobile electron Li₂O within Li₂O/LiF space charge region. The inserted scheme shows the configuration of the Li₂O/LiF space charge model. f The total ionic conductivity of the Li₂O/LiF composite SEI as a function of the volume fraction of LiF when the grain size of Li₂O is equal to 15 nm and 1 nm, respectively.