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. 2024 Feb 8;15:1200. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45340-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Experimental flowchart, created with BioRender.com. b UMAP plot showing major cell populations. c tSNE plots of CD4 + T cells. From left to right: The distribution of CD4 + T cells from the UPP1-OE and UPP1-OENC groups; Expression of CD25 and FOXP3 in CD4 + T cells; The CD4 + T cells expressing both CD25 and FOXP3 are labeled as CD25 + FOXP3+ Tregs; Expression of IL-10 in CD4 + T cells. d The proportion of CD25 + FOXP3+ Tregs between the UPP1-OE and UPP1-OENC groups (left). The expression level of IL-10 in CD25 + FOXP3+ Tregs (right) (n = 8). e tSNE plots of CD8 + T cells. From left to right: The distribution of CD8 + T cells from the UPP1-OE and UPP1-OENC groups; Expression of PD-1, LAG3, TIM3, and CTLA4 in CD8 + T cells. f Immune checkpoint expression (left) and proportion of PD1 + LAG3 + TIM3 + CTLA4+ exhausted CD8 + T cells (right) in UPP1-OE vs. UPP1-OENC groups (n = 8). g TNFα + /IFNγ + CD8 + T cells distribution in UPP1-OE vs. UPP1-OENC groups. h Proportion of TNFα + /IFNγ + CD8 + T cells in UPP1-OE vs. UPP1-OENC groups (n = 8). i tSNE plots of the myeloid cells. From left to right: The distribution of myeloid cells from the UPP1-OE group and UPP1-OENC group; Expression levels of PD-L1, CD163, IL-4, and IL-6 in myeloid cells. j PD-L1 expression in all CD11b+ myeloid cells between the UPP1-OE and UPP1-OENC groups (left). The proportion of CD163 + PD-L1 + M2 macrophages between the UPP1-OE and UPP1-OENC groups (right) (n = 8). k IL-4 and IL-10 levels in CD163 + PD-L1 + M2 macrophages between the UPP1-OE and UPP1-OENC groups (n = 8). l LLC tumor cells (UPP1-OE or UPP1-OENC) were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice. Tumors were then collected for flow cytometry analysis to compare changes in the proportion of fibroblasts (n = 5). m Fibroblast infiltration proportion between the UPP1-OE and UPP1-OENC groups (n = 5). n Fibroblast sorted from (m) for RT-qPCR detection of FAP and MMP11 expression (n = 5). n denotes biologically independent samples. Data were represented as mean ± SD in d, f, h, j, k, and m; mean ± SEM in n. All Statistical analysis were conducted using the two-tailed student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.